SKELETAL SYSTEM PART 2 1. REVIEW 2. BONE FORMATION 3. BONE GROWTH

5 fungsi utama tulang Menyanggah tubuh REVIEW 5 fungsi utama tulang Menyanggah tubuh Penyimpanan mineral (kalsium) dan lipid (yellow marrow) Tempat produksi sel darah merah (red marrow) Pelindung Pergerakan

Jenis tlg >anak dan dewasa: REVIEW JENIS TULANG 6 Bentuk Tlg: Long Bone, Flat, Sutural, Irregular, Short bones dan sesamoid bones. Jenis tlg >anak dan dewasa: Tl. Kompak (Kortikal) :80% Tl. Trabekular (Spongiosa) : 20%

Osteogenesis (Ossification): bone formation process. BONE DEVELOPMENT Formation and Growth BONE FORMATION Osteogenesis (Ossification): bone formation process. a. Cranial bonesIntramembranous ossification, occured in skull b. Other bones Endochondral ossification, other part of the skeleton.

Cranial bonesIntramembranous ossification. BONE DEVELOPMENT Formation and Growth BONE FORMATION Cranial bonesIntramembranous ossification. 1 Mesenchymal cel / stem sel: berdiferensiasi membentuk osteoblast sbg pusat osifikasi 2 Osteoblast sekresikan osteoid, osteoid membentuk tulang..

Cranial bonesIntramembranous ossification. BONE DEVELOPMENT Formation and Growth BONE FORMATION Cranial bonesIntramembranous ossification. 3 Akumulasi osteoid diiringi dengan blood vessel di antara trabeculae 4 Trabeculae menebal untuk kemudian membentuk jalinan tlg yg solid (mature).

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 BONE DEVELOPMENT BONE FORMATION Formation and Growth BONE FORMATION Other bones: Endochondrial ossificationwithin cartilage Hyaline Cartilagereorganized, mineralized to form bone Step 1 Hyaline cartilage forms chondroblast (sorrounded by perichondrium)periosteum Step 2 Cartilages calcifies in the center of diaphysis, Step 3 Ossificasion expands, periosteal bud (contain nutrient form blood vessel), bone marrow, osteoblast and osteoclast invade diaphysis. Osteoblast deposit bone matrix (osteoid)trabeculae Spongy bone is broken down (osteoclast)medullary cavity (marrow)

Other bones: Endochondrial ossificationwithin cartilage BONE DEVELOPMENT Formation and Growth BONE FORMATION Other bones: Endochondrial ossificationwithin cartilage

Other bones: Endochondrial ossificationwithin cartilage BONE DEVELOPMENT Formation and Growth BONE FORMATION Other bones: Endochondrial ossificationwithin cartilage

Step 4 BONE DEVELOPMENT BONE FORMATION Formation and Growth BONE FORMATION Other bones: Endochondrial ossificationwithin cartilage Step 4 Blood vessel enter epiphysis and secondary ossification centers develop here about time of birth. No cavity formation here Hyaline cartilage remains covering epihysis articular and cartilage becomes “trapped” between two ossification center creating epiphyseal plate Bone lengthen by addition of bone material at this plate

BONE DEVELOPMENT Formation and Growth Bone Growth Cartilage cells on the outer edge of the plate next to ephypisis divide and multiply temporarily widening the epiphyseal plate. As new chondrocyte formed, the older cartilage cells toward the diaphyseal border are enlarging. Those combination widening the epiphyseal plate>thickening When the ossification is complete, the bone one the diaphyseal side has lengthened and the epiphyseal plate has returned to its original thickness.

BONE DEVELOPMENT Growth

BONE DEVELOPMENT Growth

SYUKRON TERIMAKASIH MERCY BEAUCOUP