1. Eat healthy, take your vitamins and maybe one day you will grow big and strong like this graduate Bone Growth Time!

2. What does endochondral ossification make bone “out of?” 1.A membrane 2.Bone 3.Cartilage 4.Epithelium

3. What does intramembranous ossification make bone “out of?” 1.A membrane 2.Bone 3.Cartilage 4.Epithelium

4. Ossification: formation of bone 2 methods: 1. Intramembranous 2. Endochondral

5. The Major Players Osteoblasts – build bone Osteoclasts – break down bone tissue Osteogenic cells – “highly mitotic” bone stem cells in membranes Osteocytes – mature bone cells in lacunae

6. I. Intramembranous Ossification End goal: Production of flat bones of skull and most of the clavicle.

7. When would osteoclasts be activated? 1.When there is too much Ca 2+ in the blood 2.When there is too little Ca 2+ in the blood 3.When Mr. Verdi gets mad

8. Formation of the Bony Skeleton Week 8 (of pregnancy, not NFL season) fibrous membranes and hyaline cartilage begin to ossify. Intramembranous ossification: development from fibrous membrane Endochondral ossification: development from hyaline cartilage

10. Intramembranous Ossification Forms most bones of the skull and clavicles All bones formed via this route ARE FLAT BONES Fibrous CT from mesenchymal cells is framework on which ossification begins

11. True of false: Writing these words for word is pointless, I took notes yesterday and should used this time to ask questions and seek clarification 1.TRUE 2.False

12. Four Major Steps: STEP ONE An ossification center appears in the fibrous CT membrane Mesenchymal cells cluster and become OSTEOBLASTS  forming ossification center

13. Step Two Bone matrix (osteoid) is secreted within the fibrous membrane -osteoblasts secrete osteoid (fibers, GAGs, -trapped osteoblasts become osteocytes

15. STEP THREE Woven bone and periosteum form -accumulating osteoid is laid down between embryonic blood, forming random network result is a network of trabeculae. -vascularized mesenchyme condenses on the external surface of the bone and forms periosteum

16. Step Four Bone collar of compact bone forms and red marrow appears -Trabeculae just deep to the periosteum thicken, forming a bone collar that will later be replaced by mature bone -Spongy bone (diploe in flat bone), persist internally and its vascular tissue becomes red marrow

17. Summary now! Haiku time Write ~ 3 haikues about intramembranous ossification

18. Endochondral Ossification Why are the Buckeyes excited?

19. Fun facts Begins in the second month of development. More complex than intramembranous ossification Begins in the center of long bone (which is made of hyaline cartilage at the time) “primary ossification center”

21. Step 1 Perichondrium becomes infiltrated with blood vessels As a result  osteogenic cells become OSTEOBLASTS A BONE COLLAR FORMS AROUND THE DIAPHYSIS OF THE HYALINE CARTILAGE MODEL

22. 2 Cartilage in the center of the diaphysis calcifies It then hollows out making a hollow cavity

23. 3 A periosteal bud invades the internal cavity –Periosteal bud consists of a network of arteries, veins, nerves and lymph vessels –This is what we see in the medullary cavity Spongy bone forms

24. 4 The diaphysis elongates in both directions and a medullary cavity increases in size

25. 5 The epiphyses ossify they generally receive their own ossification center

26. Postnatal Bone Growth Infancy/youth  long bones lengthen entirely by interstitial growth of the epiphyseal growth Grow in thickness  appositional growth

28. http://education.vetmed.vt.edu/ Curriculum/VM8054/Labs/Lab7/l ab7.htm