States of Matter Learning Goal: I can explain the relationship between kinetic energy and states of matter.

States of Matter Matter can exist in several states [forms]. These include: 1. Solid 2. Liquid 3. Gas

Why different states? Remember KINETIC ENERGY is energy due to motion. Matter exists in several different states due to the amount of KINETIC ENERGY its particles have. Remember KINETIC ENERGY is energy due to motion.

Solids Solid substances have particles with LOW AMOUNTS of kinetic energy. Solids have a DEFINED SHAPE and DEFINED VOLUME. The particles of a substance are closely packed and can only move slightly, but cannot move from one place to another. Solids

Liquids Liquids have a moderate amount of kinetic energy. Particles in liquids can move around each other, but not separate from each other completely. This allows liquids to FLOW. Liquids have NO DEFINED SHAPE…they assume the shape of their container, but they do have a DEFINITE VOLUME. Liquids

Gases Gases possess a large amount of kinetic energy. Particles in a gas are free to move independently of each other in all directions. As a result, gases have NO DEFINED SHAPE or VOLUME. Gases spread to fill their containers. Gases

Phase Change As matter ABSORBS or RELEASES heat energy, its KINETIC ENERGY also changes. When a substance absorbs enough energy, it can undergo a PHASE CHANGE. Solid Liquid Gas

Phase Change Diagrams A change in phase from solid to liquid to gas can be illustrated using a PHASE CHANGE DIAGRAM. A Phase Change Diagram is a type of GRAPH where CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE vs CHANGE IN ENERGY are compared.

Phase Change Diagram of Water -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 90 100 110 Phase Change Liquid  Gas GAS Increasing Temperature  LIQUID Phase Change Solid  Liquid SOLID Heat Energy Absorbed  Use the diagram above to answer Questions 1 – 5 on the note sheet.

Changes of State The physical state of matter is dependent on temperature. For many substance a change from one state to another occur when a change in temperature occurs. Many changes can go different ways at the same temperature. For instance water both FREEZES and MELTS at 0oC. How can water both freeze and melt at the same temperature?

The direction a change of state moves in depends on the ENERGY involved in the process. According to the LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS, energy always flows from an area of HIGHER ENERGY to an area of LOWER ENERGY. How do you determine which direction a system will move in terms of energy? Look at the TEMPERATURE!

Suppose you places some 50 oC water in the freezer which maintains a temperature of -20 oC? Because the water’s temperature is higher than that of the surroundings, the energy in the water will flow out of the water and into the surroundings. How long will this continue to occur? The heat will move from water to surroundings until BOTH are at the same temperature.

The same would happen if you place 50 oC water in a pot on a stove and turned on the burner. Energy from the burner would transfer to the water because the burner has more energy than the water.

Compete this diagram by deciding what state the water would be in. WATER at 0oC Energy Removed Energy Added STATE WATER at 100oC Energy Removed Energy Added

Laws of Thermodynamics Click the link below to go to the Laws of Thermodynamics Tell what each law states in the space provided on your note sheet.