Social Class: Government Officials (94-95) Where did government officials belong on the Social Hierarchy? Below the Pharaoh (level 5) Describe the job of: The Vizier: advised Pharaoh and carried out the Pharaoh’s orders The Chief Treasurer: helped collect taxes and keep track of money The General of Armies: protected Egypt’s borders and made alliances with other kingdoms Where government officials wealthy? How do you know? Yes, they lived in luxury homes, bought expensive goods and food, and put on large banquets.

Social Class: Priests (96-97) Where did priests belong on the Social Hierarchy? One level below government officials (level 4) What are three jobs that priests did? High Priest-advised pharaoh and oversaw religious ceremonies Women-oversaw temples devoted to music and dancing Temple priests-take care of a temple’s special god Why did priests have to purify themselves? To enter the room where the temple’s god statue was in order to perform his/her sacred duties How did priests purify themselves? Avoid certain foods (like fish), cleanse body in holy water 3-4 a day, shave body, and wear linen clothes. What did priests do to help prepare people for the afterlife? The priest mummified the dead (more on this in a later lesson).

Social Class: Scribes (98-99) Where did scribes belong on the Social Hierarchy? One level below priests (level 3) Who were allowed to be scribes? Only men What are Scribe Schools? Schools run by priests that taught men to be scribes Why were Scribe Schools difficult? Hieroglyphics took 12 years to learn (there were over 700 to memorize) Students could be beaten by the teachers as punishment. What types of things could a scribe write down? Amount of grain in the food supply, results of government census, the amount of taxes collected, court cases, and the amount of soldiers in the army. What tools did a scribe always have on him? Reed pen, papyrus paper, stone or wood tablet, a bottle of black ink, a bottle of red ink, and a container for water.

Social Class: Artisans (100-101) Where did artisans belong on the Social Hierarchy? One level below scribes (level 4) What type of jobs could artisans do? Carpenters, jewelers, leatherworkers, metalworkers, painters, potters, sculptors, weavers, and stonecutters. What type of job were the most skilled artisans? Stone carvers Why was this job so important for Egyptians? Stone cutters built the statues, engravings, and reliefs for tombs, an important part of Egyptian culture. What are the three rooms in an artisan's home? Workroom Living room Kitchen/bedroom Why did the upper class not respect artisans? They viewed artisans as common laborers

Social Class: Peasants (102-103) Where did peasants belong on the Social Hierarchy? One level below artisans (level 5, lowest level) Describe the three seasons of the Nile: Flooding season lasted from June to September. Water fertilized the fields Planting season began in October. Farmers sowed the field with seeds. Harvest season began in March. Men cut down the plants while women and children harvested the plants. What type of work did peasants do? Farming and pyramid building What did peasants do for fun? Sang songs, played river games, and took part in festivals. Why might peasant life be dangerous? Long hours of work and they could be beaten if their harvest was poor.