Evolution of Living Things CHAPTER NEW CHAPTER Evolution of Living Things the BIG idea Species develop and change over time. 6.1 Earth has been home to living things for about 3.8 billion years. 6.2 Species change over time. 6.3 Environmental changes can affect populations. 6.4 Many types of evidence support evolution. CHAPTER OUTLINE CHAPTER RESOURCES

Earth has been home to living things for about 3.8 billion years. 6.1 Earth has been home to living things for about 3.8 billion years. CALIFORNIA Content Standards 7.4.b Students know the history of life on Earth has been disrupted by major catastrophic events, such as major volcanic eruptions or the impacts of asteroids. 7.4.e Students know fossils provide evidence of how life and environmental conditions have changed. extinction mass extinction CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Earth has been home to living things for about 3.8 billion years. 6.1 Earth has been home to living things for about 3.8 billion years. Fossil records tell us about the development of life on Earth. Information from fossils can help scientist reconstruct Earth’s history. extinction mass extinction 250 million years ago 70 million years ago 55 million years ago CHAPTER RESOURCES VISUALIZATION CLASSZONE.COM Explore how fossils form. SECTION OUTLINE

Species change over time. 6.2 Species change over time. CALIFORNIA Content Standards 7.3.a Students know both genetic variation and environmental factors are causes of evolution and diversity of organisms. 7.3.b Students know the reasoning used by Charles Darwin in reaching his conclusion that natural selection is the mechanism of evolution. evolution natural selection population genetic variation adaptation environmental factors speciation CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Species change over time. 6.2 Species change over time. Darwin's theory of natural selection explains evolution. evolution Four principals of natural selection are natural selection • overproduction population genetic variation adaptation environmental factors speciation CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Species change over time. 6.2 Species change over time. Darwin's theory of natural selection explains evolution. evolution Four principals of natural selection are natural selection • overproduction population • variation genetic variation adaptation environmental factors speciation CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Species change over time. 6.2 Species change over time. Darwin's theory of natural selection explains evolution. evolution Four principals of natural selection are natural selection • overproduction population • variation genetic variation adaptation • adaptation environmental factors speciation CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Species change over time. 6.2 Species change over time. Darwin's theory of natural selection explains evolution. evolution Four principals of natural selection are natural selection • overproduction population • variation genetic variation adaptation • adaptation environmental factors • selection speciation SIMULATION Match different finch beaks with the foods they eat, and learn how each beak functions. CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Environmental changes can affect populations. 6.3 Environmental changes can affect populations. CALIFORNIA Content Standards 7.3.e Students know that extinction of a species occurs when the environment changes and that the adaptive characteristics of a species are insufficient for its survival. immigration emigration limiting factor CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Environmental changes can affect populations. 6.3 Environmental changes can affect populations. Population increase through births and immigration and decrease through deaths and emigration. immigration Limiting factors such as food, shelter, disease, and the effects of sudden events control population size. emigration limiting factor Most extinctions occur population by population over time. CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Many types of evidence support evolution. 6.4 Many types of evidence support evolution. CALIFORNIA Content Standards 7.2.e Students know DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material of living organisms and is located in the chromosomes of each cell. 7.3.c Students know how independent lines of evidence from geology, fossils, and comparative anatomy provide the bases for the theory of evolution. theory ancestor vestigial organ CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Many types of evidence support evolution. 6.4 Many types of evidence support evolution. Three different types of evidence provide a bigger picture of evolution theory ancestor fossil evidence genetic evidence vestigial organ biological evidence CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

6.1 Earth has been home to living things for about 3.8 billion years. I. Earth has been home to living things for about 3.8 billion years. extinction mass extinction A. Fossils provide evidence of earlier life. B. More complex organisms developed over time. 1. Early Forms of Life 2. Multicellular Organisms 3. Life on Land C. Earth’s history includes mass extinctions. 1. Permian Extinction 2. Cretaceous Extinction CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

6.2 Species change over time. II. Species change over time. evolution A. Scientists explore the concept of evolution. natural selection 1. Early Ideas population 2. Darwin’s Observations genetic variation B. Natural selection explains how new species evolve. adaptation environmental factors 1. Overproduction 2. Variation speciation 3. Adaptation 4. Selection CHAPTER RESOURCES C. New species develop from earlier species. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

6.3 Environmental changes can affect populations. III. Environmental changes can affect populations. immigration Population size is limited by environmental conditions. emigration Populations increase through births and immigration. limiting factor Many factors limit population size. 1. Competition 2. Predators 3. Disease 4. Catastrophic events D. The survival of a species depends on its ability to adapt change. CHAPTER RESOURCES 1. How Extinction Happens KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY 2. Extinction and Species Replacement

6.4 Many types of evidence support evolution. III. Many types of evidence support evolution. theory A. Observations provide evidence for theories. ancestor B. Fossil evidence supports evolution. vestigial organ C. Biological evidence supports evolution. 1. Similarities in Structure 2. Similarities in Development D. Genetic evidence supports evolution. CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

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