1. DNA and Modern Genetics
CHAPTER
NEW CHAPTER
DNA and Modern Genetics
the BIG idea
DNA is a set of instructions for making cell parts.
5.1
DNA and RNA are required to make proteins.
5.2
Changes in DNA can produce variation.
5.3
Modern genetics uses DNA technology.
CHAPTER OUTLINE
CHAPTER RESOURCES

2. 5.1 DNA and RNA are required to make proteins.
DNA contains a code that enables a cell to make RNA and proteins. Replication copies the code before a cell divides.
replication
RNA
• DNA's triplet code enables a cell to make RNA
• mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes translate the code into a sequence of amino acids.
• The amino acids form a protein needed for cell function.
DNA
RNA
Proteins
VISUALIZATION
Watch an animation of how proteins are made.
CLASSZONE.COM
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
SECTION
OUTLINE

3. Changes in DNA can produce variation.
5.2
Changes in DNA can produce variation.
Differences in DNA produce variations. Any change to DNA is a mutation. Many mutations have no or little effect. However, some mutations can change the way a cell works—sometimes helping an organism, sometimes hurting it.
mutation Ss
pedigree
Genetic disorders are caused by mutations in DNA. Some are inherited and can be followed through different generations of a family by using a pedigree. Other genetic disorders, such as cancer, are caused by mutations that occur during a person’s lifetime. Ss SS
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
SECTION
OUTLINE

4. Modern genetics uses DNA technology.
5.3
Modern genetics uses DNA technology.
Changes in DNA can change an organism. Selective breeding changes organisms by choosing for traits already coded for by DNA.
selective breeding
genetic engineering
Genetic engineering introduces changes to the DNA of an organism. It can be used to
genome
• introduce new traits into an organism
Dolly was the first mammal to be cloned.
cloning
• produce medicines and other products
• identify individuals
• clone genes as well as organisms
• sequence the genome of an organism
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
DNA technology raises important issues for society.
SECTION
OUTLINE

5. 5.1 DNA and RNA are required to make proteins.
I. DNA and RNA are required to make proteins.
replication
A. DNA is the information molecule.
RNA
1. Proteins and Amino Acids
2. DNA and the Genetic Code
3. Replication
B. RNA is needed to make proteins.
1. Transcription
2. Translation
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

6. Changes in DNA can produce variation.
5.2
Changes in DNA can produce variation.
II. Changes in DNA can produce variation.
mutation
A. DNA sequences can change.
pedigree
B. Mutations can cause genetic disorders.
C. Cancer is a genetic disorder that affects the cell cycle.
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

7. Modern genetics uses DNA technology.
5.3
Modern genetics uses DNA technology.
III. Modern genetics uses DNA technology.
selective breeding
A. Changes in DNA can change an organism.
genetic engineering
1. Selective Breeding
genome
2. Genetic Engineering
cloning
B. There are risks and benefits associated with genetic engineering.
C. DNA technology has many applications.
1. DNA Identification
2. Studying Genomes
CHAPTER
RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

8. Chapter Resources Image Gallery
CHAPTER HOME
Chapter Resources
Image Gallery
Click here to view chapter images and animations
Click on the items below to access resources on
CLASSZONE.COM
Audio Readings
Hear chapter audio readings
Resource Centers
Get more information on select science
topics
Content Review
Review key concepts and vocabulary
Standardized Test Practice
Practice state standardized tests
Math Tutorial
Review math concepts
BACK TO CHAPTER