Training Perspectives for Developing Countries Baset Khalaf Tshwane University of Technology

CURRENT SITUATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Characteristics of CE Dept. Uneven affiliation regarding In-house/outsourced CE budget/inventory is 0.1-3% Focus of CE Dept. 85-100% repairs Coverage of equipment types Biomedical equip.10-40% in-house, 60-90% outsourced Imaging & lab equip. 90% outsourced

Current situation cont. Education & Training: few and mostly on the job training 25-50% of medical equipment are OUT OF ORDER Most visible problems Shortage of technical personnel Lack of proper planning & acquisition policies Lack of spare parts & technical documentation

Significant increase in demand for CE practitioners CHALLENGES & FUTURE Awareness of need & job stability Budget & recurrent costs Skills development Parts sourcing Forecast Significant increase in demand for CE practitioners

Affordable Solution Training of engineers/technicians Supply of spare parts Building up a maintenance infrastructure Rational acquisition of equipment

Growth in Medical Devices Industry; Recent Figures Total expenditure for health globaly is estimated at 3.5 Trillion USD, 89% dedicated to the GHTF members ( big 5) In 2000, WHO estimated half a million medical devices available on the market represented over USD145 billion. Expected to grow to USD260 billion in 2006 (Drugs USD250 billion in 2002) Increasingly urgent to ensure medical device safety and effectiveness.

PRACTICAL MAINTENANCE STRATEGY Whatever appropriate equipment acquired must be maintained Even wealthy developed countries do not rely entirely on expensive company services Must have affordable in-house technical service personnel strategically trained to support Private/Public sectors cooperation

INVENTORY OF MEDICAL EQUIPMENT MRI CT, X-RAY, LASERS ULTRASOUND DIFIBRILLATORS VENTILATORS, MONITORS INFUSION PUMPS STERILIZERS, PHOTOMETERS, SPHYGMOMANOMETERS, NEBULIZERS,WATER BATHS COMPLEXITY QUANTITY

INPUT TO TRAINING STRATEGY Best Practice Consider lower half of the Pyramid Training of CE Practitioners is shorter and cost-effective Qualifications required: diploma or trade certificate plus on-job training Cost & duration of training increases by going up in the pyramid; upper half Servicing such complex system can be outsourced.

S7 S8 S5 and S6 S4 S3 S1 and S2 B. Tech B. Tech B. Tech B. Tech DIGITAL & SOFTWARE ENGINEERING TELECOM-MUNICATION TECHNOLOGY PROCESS AND CONTROL ENG ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS ENGINEERING CLINICAL ENGINEERING S7 S8 B. Tech B. Tech B. Tech B. Tech B. Tech In - Industry or On-Campus Practice Training with focus on entrepreneurship S5 and S6 Theoretical : Specialization with Elective Subjects S4 Theoretical : Generic plus a few elective subjects S3 Theoretical: Generic Base Training S1 and S2

TSHWANE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY STATION IN ELECTRONICS COLLABORATIVE INTERNATIONAL TRAINING AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TECH UNIV SURREY TECH UNIV ENSCHEDE TECHNICAL UNIV GIESSEN -Germany TECH UNIV QUEENSLAND Electronic Systems Research & Development Telecommunications Embedded Processing Telecommunications Systems Engineering Entrepreneurship Clinical Engineering SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TSHWANE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY STATION IN ELECTRONICS DTI and GTZ supported

April 3-13 & June 26 – July 4 Electromedical Equipment Maintenance Who should attend: This workshop will provide information of interest & hands on experience to: Engineers & Technicians who wish to work in the field of Clinical Engineering Technical Assistants who do not have formal education in the field Suppliers of medical equipment

Electromedical Equipment Maintenance Course Outline 1. TROUBLESHOOTING: MEDICAL EQUIPMENT. 3 hrs 2. ELECTRO-CARDIOGRAM AND ECG SYSTEMS. 3 hrs 3. BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING. 3 hrs 4. PULSE OXIMETRY. 3 hrs 5. PATIENT MONITORS. 6 hrs 6. DEFIBRILLATORS. 6 hrs 7. VENTILATORS. 6 hrs 8. ANAESTHETIC MACHINES. 6 hrs 9. INFUSION AND SYRINGE PUMPS. 6 hrs 10. ELECTROSURGERY AND DIATHERMY EQUIPMENT. 6hrs 11. NEONATAL INCUBATORS AND INFANT WARMERS. 3 hrs 12. ELECTRICAL SAFETY OF MEDICAL EQUIPMENT. 3 hrs EVALUATION AND ASSESSMENT OF TRAINEES 6 hrs Certificates will be issued to successful trainees

Healthcare Technology Management July 3-7 & September 25-29 PROVISION UTILISATION ACQUISITION Health Outcomes Health Services Health System Life Cycle of HT

HTM Outline Health Technology Acquisition (HTAQ) Medical Equipment Replacement Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Human Resource Management Good Management Practice and medical equipment Risk Management Performance Indicators Asset Management Development of Clinical Engineering Department (CED) Clinical Engineering Support

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