2.2 Physical Properties A physical property is any characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the.

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Presentation transcript:

2.2 Physical Properties A physical property is any characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substances in the material Examples: Viscosity Conductivity Malleability Hardness Melting point Boiling point Density

Viscosity Viscosity is the tendency of a liquid to keep from flowing. The greater the viscosity, the slower the fluid moves. Thick liquids have a high viscosity. Thin liquids have a low viscosity. e.g.

Conductivity Conductivity is a material’s ability for allowing heat or electricity to flow through it. Materials that have high conductivity are called conductors e.g.

Malleability Malleability is the ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering. Most metals are malleable. Solids that shatter when struck are brittle. e.g.

Hardness The hardness of two materials can be compared by seeing which of the materials can scratch the other. Diamond is the hardest known (natural) material MOH’s is one scale that compares the relative hardness of materials. e.g.

Melting Point The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid is its melting point. The temperature at which a substance boils is its boiling point. e.g.

Density Density is the ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume. Density can be used to test the purity of a substance. e.g.

Usefulness of knowing physical properties of substances Identifying an unknown material Choosing a material for a specific purpose What steps are used to identify a material? Decide which properties to test Do tests on a sample of the unknown material Compare the results with the data reported for known materials

Separation of Mixtures Filtration A process that separates materials based on the size of their particles. Distillation A process that separates substances in a solution based on their boiling points.

Physical Change A physical change occurs when some of the properties of a material change but the substances in the material remain the same. Some physical changes can be reversed, and some cannot be reversed. e.g.