An Age of Explorations and Isolation Chapter 19

Chapter 19-Section 1- Europeans Explore the East

For “God, Glory, and Gold” Reasons for European Exploration- The desire for new sources of wealth (main reason) Spread Christianity Advances in sailing technology

For “God, Glory, and Gold” Europeans Seek New Trade Routes- The crusades had increased the desires for spices and other luxury goods Demand was high for spices like nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon, and pepper so merchants could charge high prices Muslims and Italians controlled the trade routes East to West So European nations wanted to find a new route to Asia

European Trade Routes

For “God, Glory, and Gold” The Spread of Christianity- The Crusades left many feeling that they had a sacred duty to continue fighting Muslims and convert non-Christians Bartolomeu Dias-Portuguese Explorer Wanted to “give light to those in darkness” and grow rich like all men desire

For “God, Glory, and Gold” Advances in Technology- Caravel-New type of ship designed in the 1400’s that allowed sailors to sail against the wind b/c of triangle shaped sails Sailors also used astrolabe, and magnetic compass

Portugal Leads the Way Portugal- Leader in developing and applying sailing innovations First country to establish trading posts on the west coast of Africa Prince Henry-Portugal’s most enthusiastic supporter of exploration Helped conquer the Muslim city of Ceuta in 1415 Brought back gold, silver, jewels, and spices

Portugal Leads the Way Vasco da Gama- Portuguese Explorer who reached the port of Calicut, India in 1498 The cargo which included pepper and cinnamon was worth 60 times the cost of the voyage This 27,000 mile voyage gave Portugal direct access to India

Spain also Makes Claims 1492-Christopher Columbus Convinced Spain to finance a voyage going west across the Atlantic to reach India Reached the Caribbean and thought it was the East Indies Opened the door for new exploration Increased tensions between Spain and Portugal

Spain also Makes Claims Treaty of Tordesillas- Treaty in which Spain and Portugal agreed to split territories in the Atlantic based on the imaginary line drawn by Pope Alexander VI All lands west of the line belonged Spain all lands east belonged to Portugal

Trading Empire in the Indian Ocean Portugal’s Trading Empire- The Portuguese took over the Muslim spice trade in the early 1500’s 1510-Portugese captured the port city of Goa on India’s west coast This became the capital of their trading empire The Portuguese after bypassing the Muslim-Italian domination over Asia could bring back goods for 1/5 of the previous price

Trading Empire in the Indian Ocean Other Nations Challenge the Portuguese- The English and Dutch began to Challenge Portugal's dominance By 1600 the Dutch had nearly 20,000 ships The Dutch East India Company- The most powerful trading company of its time In addition to conducting trade they printed money, made treaties, and created their own army

Trading Empire in the Indian Ocean British and French Traders- English East India Company Focused on trading outposts in India Mainly traded Indian cloth France tried to create it’s own East India company but was never really successful