Coordinating Worldwide Distribution Planning Model Development via an Open Source Modeling Platform Roger Dugan (EPRI), Davis Montenegro (UniAndes), and Mark McGranaghan (EPRI) Cigre USNC Grid of the Future Symposium Chicago, IL, October 12, 2015

Impact of the OpenDSS Program EPRI made its Distribution System Simulator (DSS) program open source in Sept 2008 To accelerate development of new tools for Smart Grid/Grid Modernization efforts Open source model is ideal for orgs. like EPRI with a public benefit mission and collaborative model OpenDSS has become popular worldwide, particularly with graduate students and consultants Focusing on advancing the state of the art rather than repeating development of fundamental tools This is a summary of its impact on distribution system analysis applications worldwide

Evolved from Harmonics solvers rather than power flow solvers What is OpenDSS? Comprehensive electrical power system simulation tool – for distribution systems, primarily Evolved from Harmonics solvers rather than power flow solvers Gives OpenDSS extraordinary distribution system modeling capability Supports all rms steady-state (i.e., frequency domain) analyses commonly performed for utility distribution system planning Can be scripted for new, unanticipated types of analyses Original purpose in 1997: DG interconnection analysis

Main Simulation Engine OpenDSS Structure Text Scripts Main Simulation Engine COM Interface User-Written DLLs Scripts, Results

Finding the Program http://smartgrid.epri.com/SimulationTool.aspx

Worldwide Downloads (Updated Oct-7-2015) From Sourceforge.net

List of Countries (Partial)

Countries (Map) From Sourceforge.net

Bogota: University de Los Andes Gustavo Ramos (Prof.) Davis Montenegro Miguel Hernandez Real time simulations with OpenDSS DSSim-PC: Labview-based tool Harmonics, Dynamics (Uniandes)

HIL at Uniandes

Parallel Processing (A-Diakoptics)

Sequential-Time Harmonics with DSSim-PC

Sequential-Time Harmonics

Manchester UK – LV Circuit Modeling Luis F. (Nando) Ochoa (Prof.) Alejandro Navarro Espinosa Andreas Procopiou (Univ. of Manchester)

Voltage Management in PV-Rich LV Networks 15 Traditional voltage management Smart Grid DG penetration in MV and LV Voltage rise in MV and LV coincide OLTC replacing Off-load tap changer [Objectives] To assess the performance of different OLTC-based control settings that can ensure customer voltages are within statutory limits whilst minimizing tap operations.

Test Network Real UK LV Network (Landgate ENWL) Modelling: Network Test Network Real UK LV Network (Landgate ENWL) 500 kVA Transformer 11kV/433V, 3-phase Unbalanced 351 Customers OpenDSS is used for the simulations Matlab drives OpenDSS via the COM interface Feeder ID  1 2 3 4 5 6 # Customers 49 21 30 100 68 83 Total Length (km) 1.22 0.67 0.78 2.32 1.83 2.48

Deterministic Case of Voltage Control with OLTC-fitted transformer Daily Voltage Profiles of all customers, based on different control cycles 1 minute control cycle 10 minute control cycle 70% of houses with PV system 1 minute Control Cycle 10 minute Control Cycle Fixed Voltage Target at 1.04 p.u. 20 minute control cycle 30 minute control cycle Fixed Voltage Target at 1.04 p.u. Voltage profiles are kept within voltage limits. Longer control cycles keep the same performance 30 minute Control Cycle 20 minute Control Cycle

Research and Education with OpenDSS at University of Pittsburgh MS-Level Classes: Line Constants, Load Flow Methods FirstEnergy Project: Web Application for DG Analytics EPRI Project: Adaptive Voltage Regulation for PV Inverters Tom McDermott, tem42@pitt.edu

7/24/2015 A new inverter controller called “ExpControl” has been added to OpenDSS. Controller Block Diagram Test circuit impedances and Inverter size “Washout response” of voltage set-point OpenDSS at Pitt OpenDSS at Pitt

Voltage profiles and quasi-static time series run from the web browser on a full feeder model. OpenDSS at Pitt

Brazil - Evaluating Losses

Italy: Co-simulation of Power and ICT

Italy - U. Of Cagliari Co-Simulation Environment Gianni Celli, Fabrizio Pilo, et. al.

DNV GL – Energy Storage Valuation Michael Kleinberg, PhD. Rick Fioravanti Frederic Dubois

Storage Peak Shaving Potential

ESGRID Project Execution User Interface Load Profiles Devices Controls Assumptions Distribution Circuit Model(s) (OpenDSS) Model Data Processing Select Run Analyze Inputs Circuit (OpenDSS) PV/wind scenarios Load and PV profiles Energy storage Control models Financial Engineering Outputs kW delta (time) Energy kW Voltage levels (time) Harmonics Equipment usage (#) Storage usage (# cycles) Translation Capacity Energy shifted Energy savings Asset lifetime Storage lifetime Financial Outputs Storage costs Storage benefits - Avoided costs - Earnings Alternative benefits Asset loss of life Deferral values

IEEE PES WG Contributions

IEEE Test Feeder for LV (UK) Daily Power Flow Analysis

IEEE 8500-Node Unbalanced Test Feeder

NEV Test Case

Effectiveness of research around the world is enhanced. Conclusions The Open Source model can be a great support for ongoing innovation and collaboration around the world. Effectiveness of research around the world is enhanced. Simulation methods and tools for distribution planning is particularly appropriate for open source tools and collaboration Much innovation and new development is needed to support the “integrated grid” Scope of collaboration is truly international, becoming a real accelerator for innovation

Conclusions Putting EPRI’s DSS program into open source (as OpenDSS) has opened up many new frontiers in Distribution Planning Modeling EPRI’s vision for making the program open source has exceeded expectations Many involved in distribution planning worldwide have benefitted from this decision