Improved Programme Integration in Rainfed Areas (Component 1) World Bank Assisted Karnataka Watershed Development Project II (KWDP II) - SUJALA III Improved Programme Integration in Rainfed Areas (Component 1) Situation analysis and Research prioritization for watershed development in Chamarajanagar and Davanagere Districts University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore 560 065

PROJECT TEAM OF UAS, BANGALORE Sl No Name and designation Specialization Contact details 1 Dr. V. R. Ramakrishna Parama, Professor and Head, Dept. of Soil Science & Agril. Chemistry Soil Science Nodal Officer 9341240246 vrrparama@gmail.com 2 Dr. H. S. Shivaramu, Professor, Dept. of Agronomy Agronomy and Watershed Management Member 9448865292 hssramu@yahoo.co.in 3 Dr. H G. Ashoka, Agricultural Engineer (Res.), Division of Agril. Engineering Soil and water conservation, Hydrogeology 9901047957 ashoka_hg@yahoo.com 4 Dr. T. Chikkaramappa, Associate Professor, Dept. of Soil Science & Agril Chemistry 9449159814 tcramappa@rediffmail.com 5 Dr. A. Sathish, Associate Professor (Soil Sci. & Agril. Chem.), AICRP for Dryland Agriculture Soil Science, Remote Sensing and GIS 9900213037 a_sathish@rediffmail.com 6 Dr. M. R. Girish, Assistant Professor(Sr. Scale), Dept. of Agril. Marketing, Co-operation & Business Management Agricultural Economics and Marketing 9448385190 mrgirish2000@yahoo.co.in

Project objectives Characterization of Natural Resource base of Micro-watersheds in Chamarajanagar and Davanagere Districts Hydrological Assessment for basic parameters Maintenance of data through Portal as Digital Library enabling Decision Support System. Facilitate Community based Micro-watershed, Land and Ground Water Management Plan. Intensive Hydrological Monitoring for Ground Water Management in Davanagere District.

DAVANGERE CHAMRAJNAGAR District Taluk No, of MWS Project Area Proposed for treatment (ha) Phase I -Batch 3 IWMP Projects(2012-13) Chamrajnagar 4 50 23678.39 Davanagere 54 20356.54 Total 8 104 44034.93 Phase II - Batch 4 IWMP Projects(2013-14) 2 23 11267.43 3 29 15390.52 5 52 26657.95 Grand Total 156 70,692.88 CHAMRAJNAGAR

CHAMARAJANAGAR General Information Climate and Rainfall The district falls in southern dry agro-climatic zone Major crops - ragi, jowar, paddy, maize, tur, groundnut, sunflower, sugarcane, cotton and tobacco, mango, banana and mulberry Net sown area - 19,1838 ha – 34 % geographical area of the district. Irrigation facility is available in 35% of the Net sown area which constitutes 12% of the district area. Climate and Rainfall The average annual rainfall of the district is 737mm Physiography and soils Physiographically the district may be classified as partly maiden, general table land with plain and undulating and mountainous region. Red soil is present in upland areas and at the contact of granites and schist, responds well for irrigation, manuring and other management practices. Black soils occur along depressions where regular irrigation practices are in practice. Majority of soils are neutral to alkaline, low in organic carbon, low/medium/high in N,P and K, low in sulphur and low to medium in micronutrients

DAVANAGERE General Information Climate and Rainfall The district has 3 ACZ, Northern dry zone (III), Central dry zone (IV) and Southern transition zone (VII) The total geographical area is 5,97,597 ha out of which 64 % is area sown (3.84 lakh ha) Main crops - paddy, maize, ragi , sugarcane, chilly, onion and cotton. Climate and Rainfall Davanagere district receives average annual rainfall of 644.0 mm Physiography and soils The landscape of Davanagere district mainly consists of vast stretches of plains. The southern part of the district covering Channagiri and Honnali taluks are under malnad area and Davanagere and Harihar taluks are covered by low hills and meandering streams. The district has mainly2 types of soils, viz., black and red soil with shallow to medium depth. Soils are neutral in pH, low to medium in OC, low/medium/high in N,P&K, low to medium in S and micronutrients

Work to be carried out in the Project A. Land Resource maps high resolution satellite data : Land Capability map Rock fragments map Soil depth map Soil erosion map Water holding capacity and Available water Surface soil and subsoil texture map Soil reaction map Soil organic carbon and Soil fertility status map B. Meteorological map: Digital Elevation Model using cartosat data C. Intensive Hydrological Monitoring for Ground Water Management in Davanagere District. D. Vegetation map E. Livestock map: Socio economic survey F. Preparation of conservation and Land Use Plan

Integrated approach for watershed development Socio-economic development Small farm mechanization Maintaining soil health and OM Hydrology and hydrogeology Integrated approach for watershed development Use of RS/GIS/GPS Soil and water conservation measures Live fences Mulching Percolation pits Bunds across slopes Other conservation structures Agri-Horti-Forestry Approach Microclimate Tree biodiversity Microbial diversity Reduce surface runoff Reduce soil erosion Reduce evaporation losses Improve soil fertility Animal Husbandry

Major research potential of watershed programmes Validation of 1 ha IFS model for watersheds Use of Remote Sensing, GPS and GIS in watershed programmes for resource characterization, management and impact assessment Detailed soil mapping for balanced nutrient application Capacity building with respect to soil health management among stake holders Foliar nutrition for drought proofing Small farm mechanization Development of improved monitoring system for surface and ground water on watershed basis by using advanced monitoring tools. To assess efficiency of different conservation structures in watershed and to develop simple techniques to assess watershed hydrology. Develop community based sustainable ground water management system.

Success stories of UAS(B) on watershed programmes During 1970 - Established the AICRPDA, On station surface hydrological monitoring studies were made in small plots of < 1 ha. Rajanukunte micro-watershed project (1981-83): Development of various production systems and resource management practices for sustainable dryland development Mittemari watershed (1984): Drought proofing through in-situ moisture conservation, crop management, afforestation, dryland horticulture, water harvesting, use of agriculture implements involving farmers participation. Kabbalanala watershed (1984): UAS through its ORP provided technical support in collaboration with line departments in implementing soil and moisture conservation, crops and cropping systems, alternate land use systems, drainage line treatment and runoff harvesting through people’s participation. Kalyana Kere and Mavathur Kere (1992-98): An integrated approach from ridge to valley was implemented based on the resources and constraints. University involved in conducting on-farm research and validation, verification and demonstration of developed technologies besides training documentation. During 1990-96 - USDA aided project on “Integrated project for Soil Conservation and Watershed Development” operated at AICRPDA, GKVK for 5 years – studies carried out on run off, soil erosion, water harvesting, farm pond and seepage control techniques. Kyasapura watershed (1998-99): Adoption of new cropping systems for increasing agriculture productivity. During 2003-05 - AICRPDA, GKVK under took construction of hydrological gauging structure in the micro watersheds of Kolar, Tumkur and Chitradurga district (WDD- Sujala I) During 2011-12 to till date UAS, GKVK has under taken the project on “Establishment of Silt Monitoring and Hydrological Study Stations in Model Watershed under IWMP” in 14 districts - Studying the impact of large scale watershed treatments on runoff and soil loss.

Awards and recognitions to UAS(B) in Watershed Research National Productivity Award: UAS(B) obtained National Productivity Award for Kabbalanala model watershed (1986-87), Mittemari model watershed (1987-88) and Kalyana Kere and Mavathur Kere (1993-94) Sujala I: UAS(B) was the main partner in capacity building programme for various stake holders Adjudged as “Centre of Excellence” by the ICAR during 2004 and considered for infrastructure development support. “Shri Choudhary Devilal outstanding AICRP Award” for the year 2009 by ICAR, New Delhi “A” grade for AICRPDA Bengaluru Centre

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Soil loss in Red and Black soils of Karnataka Red soil Black soil Annual soil loss (t/ha) 10 60-80 Run-off (%) 30 40-50 WHC (%) 6 15 Infiltration rate (mm/hr) 25 12.5 District Rainfall Chitradurga 574mm (lowest) Davanagere 600-700mm Chamarajanagar 770mm Udupi 3900-4100mm (highest) Value of rain water 770 mm of rainfall = 77 cm of water = 0.77 mm of water 1 ha = 100mX100mX0.77m = 770 cubic meters [1 cubic meter = 1000 liters] 770 cubic meters = 7,70,000 liters, @Rs.10/ liter of water = Rs 7.7 crores / ha