Binary Fission How single cell organisms reproduce This process is sometimes referred to as “cell division”, where one cell turns into two identical cells The cell uses mitosis in order to replicate its DNA and splits. THE CELLS ARE IDENTICAL Happens quickly… and does not take a lot of energy

Binary Fission

Fragmentation/ regeneration Fragmentation or Clonal Fragmentation is a form of asexual reproduction or cloning where an organism is split into fragments. The splitting may or may not be intentional. Each of these fragments develop into mature, fully grown individuals that are a clone of the original organism. If the organism is split any further the process is repeated. Fragmentation is seen in many organisms such as molds, some annelid worms, and starfish. Binary fission of single-celled organisms such bacteria, protozoa and many algae is a type of fragmentation. Molds, yeast, and mushrooms, all of which are part of the Fungi kingdom, produce tiny filaments called hyphae. These hyphae obtain food and nutrients from the body of other organisms to grow and fertilize. Then a piece of hyphae breaks off and grows into a new individual and the cycle continues. Fragmentation is observed in nonvascular plants as well, liverworts and mosses. Moss

Budding Asexual Offspring grows out of parent Yeast, hydras + Fast, somewhat easy - No variation

Pollination Sexual Pollen is delivered to female part of plant Flowering plants + Plants don’t have to move, mixes DNA to provide variation - Need external source for pollination to take place; wind, bee, bat, butterfly etc.

Pollination

Sexual Reproduction Sexual DNA from 2 individuals merge to form one Animals, Plants + Diverse DNA (variation in species) - Takes a long time, 2 individuals needed

Type (asexual or sexual) Organisms that use this type Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction Please copy this chart in your Comp. book – use the WHOLE left page. Name Type (asexual or sexual) What happens? Organisms that use this type + Positives - Negatives 1. Binary Fission 2. Fragmentation/ Regeneration 3. Budding 4. Pollination 5. Sexual Reproduction Single cell organisms: Bacteria Protists Amoeba One cell divides into two identical parts. -Passes weak traits to all identical offspring. -May be wiped out if Environment changes Asexual +Occurs Quickly +Passes on Strong traits Organism can regenerate lost parts. Fragments of an organism can be formed into an entire new organism Regenerate: Lizards, Starfish Skin cells, salamander. Fragmentation: Plant cuttings Potato Tubers +Occurs Quickly +Passes on Strong traits -Passes weak traits to all identical offspring. -May be wiped out if Environment changes Asexual Small identical ‘buds’ are formed along the outer edge of an Organism, eventually grow into a new one Corals Hydra Sea Anemone Yeast +Occurs Quickly +Passes on Strong traits -Passes weak traits to all identical offspring. -May be wiped out if Environment changes Asexual Pollen from one plant fertilizes another upon contact to produce seeds Flowering plants That produce fruit Or seeds -Takes a long time to Get the next generation -Relies on outside factors for pollination +Provides variation In the species to ensure Survival during Environmental change Sexual Sperm from male fertilizes egg from female to form the zygote -Takes a long time to Get the next generation -Detrimental traits may Be passed on to Offspring Most animals Humans +Provides variation In the species to ensure Survival during Environmental change Sexual

Type (asexual or sexual) Organisms that use this type Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction Please copy this chart in your Comp. book – use the WHOLE left page. Name Type (asexual or sexual) What happens? Organisms that use this type + Positives - Negatives 1. Binary Fission 2. Fragmentation/ Regeneration 3. Budding 4. Pollination 5. Sexual Reproduction

Asexual vs Sexual Reproduction QUIZ During Binary Fission, a single celled organism will reproduce ______________. A. asexually by re-growing a lost part B. asexually by dividing into two cells that are identical C. asexually by growing another cell out of itself D. sexually by diving into two cells that are identical

Asexual vs Sexual Reproduction QUIZ 2. During budding, a hydra will reproduce __________. A. asexually by re-growing a lost part B. asexually by dividing into two cells that are identical C. sexually by growing offspring out of itself D. asexually by growing offspring out of itself

Asexual vs Sexual Reproduction QUIZ 3. After budding is completed by yeast, the offspring produced is ____________. A. a combination of the male and female parents B. genetically different than its parent C. genetically identical to its parent D. genetically identical to the male and female parents

Asexual vs Sexual Reproduction QUIZ 4. A positive of sexual reproduction is that it ____________. A. Provides genetic variation in the species to help it to survive a changing environment B. is quick and easy C. doesn’t take a lot of energy D. does not pass on harmful traits to the offspring

Asexual vs Sexual Reproduction QUIZ 5. Which of the following statements are true about asexual reproduction. A. The parent passes all of its strong traits to its offspring B. The parent passes all of its negative traits to its offspring C. It doesn’t take a lot of energy D. All of the above