Chapter 13 - The Rise of the Middle Ages 4 1 2 5 3 1. Lute 4. Funeral Pyre 2. Sable 5. Staves 3. Basil

Section 2: New Invaders

Section 2: New Invaders Main Idea Invasions and migrations changed the political and cultural landscapes of western Europe during the early Middle Ages. Objectives Why did many Europeans fear the Vikings? What made Magyar raids in eastern Europe so devastating to people there? Why did Muslims raid towns in southern Europe?

I. The Vikings Vikings – fierce warriors from Scandinavia in northern Europe; aka Norsemen or North men

I. The Vikings Skilled at ship building, sailing, and navigation - skills that enabled them to cross oceans

I. The Vikings Began as a rural, agricultural society - most worked as fishermen or farmers

I. The Vikings Soil was not fertile - farmers could not grow enough grain, food shortages common

I. The Vikings Viking leaders looked for new sources of food & wealth – the Viking raids began

I. The Vikings 1st targets – Monasteries in England and north France; were soon raiding all over Europe

I. The Vikings Viking longships had a shallow draft, so even inland cities like Paris and Kiev were not safe

I. The Vikings People lived in fear: Vikings gave no warning - looted, killed, captured, and sailed away

I. The Vikings Monasteries were favorite targets: they held many treasures and monks weren’t warriors

I. The Vikings Vikings explored/settled in Iceland, Greenland, and throughout Europe

I. The Vikings According to the sagas, Leif Erickson reached North America in the 1000s

I. The Vikings Vikings under Rollo kept raiding France, so king made a deal: stop raids, defend against other Vikings Rollo could have Normandy

6 June 1944 - Normandy, France: The Invasion of Europe

II. The Magyars Magyars - nomads from central Asia; fierce warriors and skilled horsemen

II. The Magyars Raided small European and Byzantine settlements, then fled on horseback

II. The Magyars mid-900s - Settled in Hungary; German king Otto the Great crushed Magyar army, ending raids Otto the Great, (912 – 973) The first Holy Roman Emperor since Charlemagne. His reign is generally considered to be the true beginning of the Holy Roman Empire.

Jebel-al-Tarik, Tarik's mountain III. The Muslims 711 – Muslims crossed Strait of Gibraltar and ruled most of Iberian Peninsula for over 700 years Jebel-al-Tarik, Tarik's mountain The Rock of Gibraltar

III. The Muslims Capital was Cordoba - one of the wealthiest, most culturally advanced cities of medieval world

III. The Muslims After Battle of Tours, Muslims raided southern France and Italy, including Rome

III. The Muslims Muslims blocked Byzantine trade in Med. Sea and cut off trade to Italy, changing balance of power