VANET: Vehicle to Vehicle wireless communication system with effective multi-hop routing

Source: Department of Motor Traffic Sri Lanka statistics Year 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 Motor Cars 311,030 410,282 468,168 499,714 528,094 Motor Tricycle 254,193 529,543 667,969 766,784 850,457 Motor Cycles 1,265,514 2,100,832 2,354,163 2,546,447 2,715,727 Buses 73,887 84,280 88,528 91,623 93,428 Dual purpose vehicles 180,942 209,228 242,746 280,143 304,746 Motor Lorries 223,740 296,692 311,510 323,776 329,648 Land Vehicles-Tractors 180,940 276,997 297,070 315,520 326,292 Land Vehicles-Trailers 37,134 46,457 49,578 53,020 55,286 Total 2,527,380 3,954,311 4,479,732 4,877,027 5,203,678 No.of Deaths Grievous Injury Non Grievous Injury Year Male Female 2012 1963 398 6771 1689 14999 5011 2011 2182 495 7086 1837 15486 5025 2010 2250 471 6382 1549 14591 4325 Requirement of the safety systems on vehicles is becoming more popular and critical nowadays with regards to increase of traffic accidents and complexity of road infrastructures. Department of Motor Traffic Sri Lanka statistics shows that Vehicle population of Sri Lanka getting high in every year (See Table 01) and deaths and Injuries due to road side accidents are high (See Table 02). Since there is rapid increase of road accidents in Sri Lanka [1] a plenty of life and property loss has already occurred. Source: Department of Motor Traffic Sri Lanka statistics

Reasons behind these road accidents Speed Adverse weather Distraction of drivers Poor road design Driving errors …etc “If driver can get warning alert half a second before the accident, more than 50% of the accidents can be eliminated” ~ C. D. Wang

Vehicular Ad-hoc Network [VANET] In this network vehicles equipped with wireless communication and sensor devices to act as nodes and communicate with each other and with road side devices using wireless ad-hoc technologies to facilitate emergency alerting and comfort applications among travellers. emerging network technology which is proposed recently by researches to decrease said road accidents and to increase safety and comfort of passengers. VANET is a sub class of MANET vehicles and roadside units are the communicating nodes, providing each other with information, such as safety warnings and traffic information

Areas of applications on VANET Safety applications are the most critical and important applications on VANET which can use to avoid accidents or at least can minimize the damage

VANET unique characteristics High mobility and frequent topology changes Low reliability Extensive Energy and storage On-board Sensors Geographic position available When we compre with VANET with MANET ..,VANET nodes move very fast and they stay in their communication range just for few seconds. Links between nodes are highly dynamic and create and broken fast. Due to these reasons duration that available to communicate with each other very law and multi-hop routing chain’s nodes can move quickly.

VANET Routing The performance of communication depends on how better the routing takes place in the network. Routing of data depends on the routing protocols being used in network

Simulation Framework Design for VANET Mobility patterns simulation Wireless network simulation

VANET Simulators Veins Veins is the one and only free and open source software available to downoad in internet that support both mobility (SUMO) and network simulation (OMNET++) models, But veins act as a framework to integrate these two simiulators. We need to download all these modules separatly and itegrate ,so it is a real tough work to configure these modules with lack of documentations

Difficulties on Implementing Simulation Framework for VANET Integrate Mobile and Network simulators Lack of documentations Poor GUI support Poor Protocol design Facilities We need to download all these modules separatly and itegrate ,so it is a real tough work to configure these modules with lack of documentations. Also Since this tool use OMNET++ to implement VANET routing protocols its need to learn all OMNET++ protocol implementation technologies, but with the lack of documentation it's very hard to learn protocol implementation from the beginning.

VANET Simulators cont.. OPNET OPNET is the most famous commercial network simulator available in industry, It has been used for a long time by most professionals in industry and its a well established simulator in industry. Since it has a commercial software version as its major product, it has more powerful and complete documentation and GUI base modular to design networks

VANET Implementation via OPNET Network model: This editor provides facility to design and implement topology of the network by using network nodes and links. Geographical objects on the network domain can be simulate and manage via this model.   Node model: Can design and specify node's such as router's, workstation's and link's structure this model also can use to implement packet switch details its interfaces. Process model: This editor use to implement behaviour of the nodes as process state transitions. Each process can be implemented its functionality of execute threads,

VANET Implementation via OPNET cont..

VANET topology Implementation Network models consist of nodes, links and subnets Icons assist the user in quickly locating the correct nodes and links

VANET protocols implementation AODV (Ad-hoc On-demand distance vector) - Reactive (On Demand) OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing) - Proactive (Table-driven) GRP (Geographic Routing Protocol) - Hybrid (Reactive and Proactive) Optimized Cost aware AODV - Reactive (On Demand)

OPNET approach to implement routing protocols manet_gtwy_wlan_eth ernet_slip4 ip_dispatc h manet_mgr Add node image osi layer AODV OLSR GRP Modifie d AODV

OPNET Kernel Procedures KPs are pre-written functions that abstract difficult, tedious, or common operations. KPs free users from addressing memory management, data structure, handling event processing, etc.

Optimized Cost aware AODV routing protocol Modified version of the standard AODV protocol. The source node and all the intermediate hops will send the cost along with the route request message. Cost will be calculated as the ratio of reference Bandwidth versus data rate. While forwarding the RREQ packets to the destination, each node will check for lower cost route requests among various RREQ packets originated from the same source. Each intermediate node will keep on adding the router cost to the packet which come across to derive the cumulative cost. Calculate the cumulative cost of the route and resets the route request cost to the lower cost value This is the my proposed solution for VANET routing

Results extraction and Evaluation Delay - Represents the end to end delay of all the packets Network load - Represents the total data traffic (in bits/sec) received by the entire WLAN Throughput - Represents the total number of bits (in bits/sec) forwarded from wireless LAN Media access delay - Represents global statistic for the total of queuing and contention delays of the data