1. Ad hoc Routing Protocols
David Chiasson

2. Categorizing Routing Protocols Which Protocol is best?
Outline
Categorizing Routing Protocols
Which Protocol is best?
Comparing Protocols

3. Categorizing Routing Protocols
Outline
Categorizing Routing Protocols
Which Protocol is best?
Comparing Protocols

4. Route Discover Method Anticipates routes Saves routing table Pros:
Proactive/Table-Driven
Reactive/On-Demand
Anticipates routes
Saves routing table
Pros:
Immediate route discovery
Ex: DSDV, OLSR
Waits for need
Uses routing request messages
Pros:
Lower overhead
Ex: AODV, DSR 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 6

5. Route Discover Method Anticipates routes Saves routing table Pros:
Proactive/Table-Driven
Reactive/On-Demand
Anticipates routes
Saves routing table
Pros:
Immediate route discovery
Ex: DSDV, OLSR
Waits for need
Uses routing request messages
Pros:
Lower overhead
Ex: AODV, DSR
Node
Route 1 4
6-4 7 … 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 6

6. Route Discover Method Anticipates routes Saves routing table Pros:
Proactive/Table-Driven
Reactive/On-Demand
Anticipates routes
Saves routing table
Pros:
Immediate route discovery
Ex: DSDV, OLSR
Waits for need
Uses routing request messages
Pros:
Lower overhead
Ex: AODV, DSR 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 6
RREQ
RREQ
Node 1 sends out RREQ, waits for RREP from node 8
RREQ
RREQ

7. Proactive Table Types Route information stored in tables Pros:
Distance Vector
Link State
Route information stored in tables
Pros:
Less overhead
Ex: AODV, DSDV
Connectivity information stored in tables
Pros:
More stable and robust
Ex: OLSR 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 6

8. Proactive Table Types Route information stored in tables Pros:
Distance Vector
Link State
Route information stored in tables
Pros:
Less overhead
Ex: AODV, DSDV
Connectivity information stored in tables
Pros:
More stable and robust
Ex: OLSR
Node
Route 1 4
6-4 7 … 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 6

9. Proactive Table Types Route information stored in tables Pros:
Distance Vector
Link State
Route information stored in tables
Pros:
Less overhead
Ex: AODV, DSDV
Connectivity information stored in tables
Pros:
More stable and robust
Ex: OLSR
Node
Connections 1
{2, 3} 4
{2, 3, 5, 6} 7
{5, 6, 8} … 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 6

10. Packet Addressing Method
Source Routing
Hop-by-hop Routing
Sender knows complete path
Pros:
Loop free routing
Ex: DSR
Every node decides next hop
Pros:
More robust in case of node mobility
Ex: OLSR, AODV 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 6

11. Packet Addressing Method
Source Routing
Hop-by-hop Routing
Sender knows complete path
Pros:
Loop free routing
Ex: DSR
Every node decides next hop
Pros:
More robust in case of node mobility
Ex: OLSR, AODV 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 6
{1: }

12. Packet Addressing Method
Source Routing
Hop-by-hop Routing
Sender knows complete path
Pros:
Loop free routing
Ex: DSR
Every node decides next hop
Pros:
More robust in case of node mobility
Ex: OLSR, AODV
{1:1} 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 6
{1:6}
{1:3}
{1:4}

13. Node Relationships All nodes are the same Pros: simplicity
Flat
Hierarchical
All nodes are the same
Pros: simplicity
Ex: AODV, DSDV, DSR
Nodes are grouped and/or specialized
Pros: scalability
Ex: ZRP, LAR 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 6

14. Node Relationships All nodes are the same Pros: simplicity
Flat
Hierarchical
All nodes are the same
Pros: simplicity
Ex: AODV, DSDV, DSR
Nodes are grouped and/or specialized
Pros: scalability
Ex: ZRP, LAR 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 6

15. Node Relationships All nodes are the same Pros: simplicity
Flat
Hierarchical
All nodes are the same
Pros: simplicity
Ex: AODV, DSDV, DSR
Nodes are grouped and/or specialized
Pros: scalability
Ex: ZRP, LAR
Zone 1 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 6
Zone 2

16. Which Protocol is best? Categorizing Routing Protocols
Outline
Categorizing Routing Protocols
Which Protocol is best?
Comparing Protocols

17. There is no “best” protocol.
Different routing protocols work better in different situations.
What are those situations?

18. Network Variables (Corson & Macker)
Network size
Network connectivity
Topological rate of change
Link capacity
Fraction of unidirectional links
Traffic patterns
Mobility
Fraction and frequency of sleeping nodes

19. Metrics Packet delivery ratio Routing overhead
Average end-to-end delay
Path optimality
Security
QoS
Scalability
Energy efficiency
Route acquisition time

20. Comparing Protocols Categorizing Routing Protocols
Outline
Categorizing Routing Protocols
Which Protocol is best?
Comparing Protocols

21. Define routing algorithm Create scenarios Run NS
Computer Simulation
Define routing algorithm
Create scenarios
Run NS

22. Which routing protocols should be used in which situation?
Goal of Research
Which routing protocols should be used in which situation?