Some STI Statistics in Myanmar Dr. Soe Win Director-General, Department of Higher Education(Upper Myanmar) Ministry of Education and Aung Than Tutor, Department of Statistics, Meiktila Institute of Economics

Introduction The Republic of the Union of Myanmar situated in South Eastern Asia total land area is 677,000 sq.km. China, Laos, Thailand, India and Bangladesh are neighbors enjoys a tropical monsoon climate population is estimated over 59 million in 2010 with almost 70% of the population living in rural areas

Myanmar Administration Democratic Government Administration in two tires: Union government State or Regional government 5-year periodically election Union of 7 states and 7 Regions with seats of government located in the central city, Nay Pyi Taw.

We emphasize on - Building of modern industrialized nation through - From Agro-based Economy to Industrialized Economy To Strengthen Scientific Knowledge and Technological Development Building of modern industrialized nation through - the agricultural development and all-round development of other sectors of the economy; developing the electric power and energy sectors to be in conformity with the developing trend of industries; having continuous development for the infrastructure sector and realizing balanced economy and all-round development of the economy

Statistical System in Myanmar Central Statistical Organization (CSO) functioning on a national level since 1952 Some ministries set up their own planning and statistical departments. Other ministries have separate statistical units in Ministry level as well as Department level.

Science and Technology Indicators Cannot get S&T Indicators directly because there is no institution responsible for collecting them. Respective ministries conduct required surveys and collect data. By using these data, we can extract the related data and collect the S&T related indicators.

Sources of data, generally Primary Source Administrative Records of Related Ministries Secondary Source Statistical Yearbook Handbook on Human Resources Development Indicators Soci0economic Development in Myanmar

Research and Development Myanmar produce R&D statistics and indicators indirectly. Rarely to do R&D Survey because each ministry compute the statistics according to their requirements. Ministry of Education conducts research in the field of social sciences, arts and natural sciences.

Research and Training Centers under the Ministry of Education Universities Research Center Asia Research Center Marine Science Research and Training Center Set-se Aquaculture Research Center Myanmar-India Center for English Language Training Myanmar-India Entrepreneurship Development Center

30-year Long-term Education Development Plan 2001/02 FY – 2030/31 FY The six core areas under focus are: Development of human resource Utilization of technology Expansion of research Development of a lifelong learning society Promotion of the quality of education and Preservation of national identity and national values.

Researches under Ministry of Education Types Finished Operating Published Fields UsRJ 1 UsRJ 2 UsRJ 3 MAAS URJ 1 URJ 2 Total Arts 1987 958 28 77 34 208 154 123 624 Natural Sciences 1747 986 74 120 79 550 162 121 1106 Social Sciences 291 78 8 13 3 55 18 14 111 4025 2022 110 210 116 813 334 258 1841 Source: Ministry of Education, 2011 Note: UsRJ means Universities Research Journal. MAAS means Myanmar Academy of Arts and Sciences. URJ means University Research Journal which is published by each university.

Number of Higher Education Institutions to Corresponding Ministries Sr. No. Name of Ministry No. of Institutions 1. Ministry of Education 64 2. Ministry of Science and Technology 61 3. Ministry of Health 15 4. Ministry of Defense 5 5. Ministry of Co-operative 6. Ministry of Transport 2 7. Ministry of Culture 8. Ministry of Border Affairs 9. Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation 1 10. Ministry of Live Stock and Fisheries 11. Ministry of Environmental Preservation and Forestry 12. Union Civil Services Board Total 161 Source: Ministry of Education

Graduates by Fields of Science and Technology   2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 Medical and Health Sciences  Bachelor's Degree 883 1274 1907 2329 2482 4168 3808 Diploma 609 630 1240 1434 1476 1286 1224 Master's Degree 213 272 231 291 296 219 270 PhD 8 7 9 14 15 13 Engineering and Technology 2603 4704 1717 1690 3400 3967 743 176 172 210 1043 2576 103 1179 1465 1758 1720 1405 300 755 46 88 192 132 425 195 298 Social Sciences 1665 5325 8966 5750 5722 5793 5156 134 530 1225 149 1381 1323 1445 119 109 114 202 186 1175 791 2 10 18 6 Agricultural Sciences 491 438 548 516 431 27 44 31 34 17 - Art and Natural Sciences 140572 76260 153758 109927 90016 90448 94457 2636 1882 5058 6013 2681 4996 2669 PhD in Arts 5 145 329 169 PhD in Natural Sciences 64 112 267 226 586 563 448 PhD Total 69 129 301 371 915 773 617 Source: Statistical Year Book, 2009 and Ministry of Education

Study abroad by the fields of study Field of Study 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Medical Science 137 287 61 17 62 Engineering 309 125 49 79 147 Social Science 357 293 205 332 310 Education 203 122 16 32 69 Agriculture 460 472 250 356 423 Natural Science 109 186 39 74 158 Humanities and Arts 12 13 2 5 30 Fine Arts and Culture 7 6 15 Others 1 11 42 Source: Statistical Year Book, 2009

Researchers in Higher Education Sector Type of Institution 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 Medicine 1322 1537 1531 1638 1552 Dental Medicine 217 209 273 274 263 Medical Technology 101 95 135 94 98 Nursing 149 269 245 247 218 Pharmacy 79 83 115 82 76 Community Health 51 58 59 75 Technology 345 464 686 727 874 Myanmar Aerospace and Engineering 88 87 70 Economics 437 496 445 433 Education 219 250 251 227 374 Agriculture 136 140 151 148 171 Forestry 36 38 34 55 57 Veterinary Science 56 74 Computer Science and Technology 367 335 275 272 234 Computer 677 1000 627 896 1297 Art and Science Universities 9596 10379 10117 9762 9484 Total 13921 15481 15139 15070 15348 Source: Statistical Year Book, 2009

Research, Current and Capital Expenditures of the Ministry of Education Financial Year  Types of Expenditure 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 Upper Myanmar Research Expenditure 4.48 5.80 8.44 11.17 14.25 Current Expenditure 1850.00 2420.00 8100.00 7970.00 8192.69 Capital Expenditure 3486.55 3348.62 5534.56 3459.00 1898.27 Lower 8.83 10.05 8.60 10.80 9.92 3200.00 4150.00 11859.00 11311.60 12062.49 4937.82 4091.05 6656.19 7790.40 2900.65 Source: Ministry of Education

Innovation is needed for a Nation’s development, Myanmar also try to do the best.

Main Obstacles High cost of the innovation project Lack of financing Need more co-ordination and collaboration. Dedicated institutions are needed.

In future, we are going to promote Research and Development Activities and Innovation. As a consequence, we will collect R&D and Innovation statistics and conduct R&D and Innovation surveys appropriately.

Thank You