Powering from short circuit tests up to nominal Antonio Vergara for the HCC Team 28th March, 2007

General Overview What we want to do? When are we going to do it? Power ALL the superconducting circuits of the LHC up to their nominal operation current (7 TeV) without beam. When are we going to do it? FROM MONDAY. See Blanca’s slides Where are we going to do it? In the tunnel (Field Control Room) and on the surface (CCC) Who is going to do it? The Commissioning Crew. See Roberto’s slides How are we going to do it? Well, safely and fast. See Robin’s, Paul’s and Antonio’s slides

General Overview So far we have learnt about Superconducting electrical circuits Power converters Superconducting magnets, busbars and current leads Powering interlock system Quench protection system Cooling and ventilation, AC distribution, cabling Cryogenics The Powering Tests will make these systems work together for the first time. But before that…

The Way to the Powering Tests Individual System Tests (IST) The Short-Circuit Tests

The Short-Circuit Tests

The Way to the Powering Tests Individual System Tests (IST) The Short-Circuit Tests START OF COOL-DOWN CRYOGENIC CONDITIONS 3. Powering Procedure Tests 4. PIC1 - Correctors 5. Electrical Quality Assurance @ Cold 6. Quench Heater Discharge 7. PIC1 – Main Magnets 8. Connection of the converters to the CL

During Cool-Down…

THE POWERING TESTS And at last… 3. PIC2 CONVERTERS CONNECTED TO THE MAGNETS 3. PIC2 4. Powering to Nominal of every circuit (P2N) 5. 24-hour run with all the circuits at nominal

Powering Interlock Tests – PIC1 & PIC2 - FAQ What do PIC1 and PIC2 validate? The correct functioning of the powering interlock system and associated systems and The interfaces between the Powering Interlock Controllers and the QPS, Energy Extraction and Power Converters Which is the difference between PIC1 and PIC2? For PIC1 the converters are NOT CONNECTED to the superconducting magnets while for PIC2 the converters are CONNECTED to the superconducting magnets. PIC2 is therefore the first test with current in the magnets Why is PIC1 for the correctors done without the Stable Cryogenics Conditions? PIC1 for the correctors has no interference in the superconducting part of the circuit, on the other hand PIC1 for the main circuits implies discharge of the quench heaters which can only be done under stable cryogenic conditions. Do we need to complete PIC1 in the whole powering subsector for starting PIC2? YES Do we need to complete PIC2 in the whole powering subsector for starting P2N? NO, but preferable

Types of electrical circuits with sc magnets 13 kA Main: Main dipoles and main quadrupoles (24 circuits) IT: Inner triplet quadrupoles (8 circuits) IPQD: Individual powered insertion main magnets (94 circuits) Extraction of the energy stored in the magnets is performed by the QPS system 600 A EE: most 600 A corrector magnets powered in series (202 circuits) Extraction of the energy stored in the magnets is performed with an energy extraction unit back to back to the power converter rack 600 A no EE crowbar: most individual 600 A trim quadrupoles (136 circuits) Extraction of the energy stored in the magnets is performed with the power converter 600 A no EE: inner triplet correctors (56 circuits) No energy extraction unit required 80-120A: 80 A and 120 A (300 circuits) No energy extraction unit required, connected to the Powering Interlock Controller 60A: 60 A (752 circuits) No energy extraction unit required, not connected to the Powering Interlock Controller R.Schmidt

The Main Dipole Circuit Powering PM Analysis Results RB Circuit PM data 12 kA EE Quench 8.5 kA Loss PP 6 kA Quench 2 kA SPA FPA EE PIC2 Injection 760A 350A

Sequence of Powering Tests Injection Intermediate 1 Intermediate 2 Intermediate 3 Nominal

Circuit Inventory Sector 7-8 ARC 7-8 60A XL8 ML8 120A RB RQ Q6-Q10 600A Q4Q5D2 5 94 22 47 1 2 3 12 14 DESIGN 200 22 47 1 2 5 94 3 12 186 TRIPLET 22 47 1 2 5 94 3 12 MB1055 186 Max 2kA MB1055 20 23 1 2 5 94 3 12 160 160 Circuits fully Commissioned Status after the Powering Tests 3 Main Circuits (RB, RQF, RQD) to be re-commissioned 1 Inner Triplet and 26 arc correctors never powered

The Two Fronts FRONT 1 FRONT 2 E.Barbero / Mr Circuit

Parallelism or what can be done at the same time? The 3 types of parallelisms: Parallelisms between sectors Parallelisms between fronts Parallelisms between circuits – Battery General Constraints: One Front can commission only one circuit or one battery at a time Tests carried out by one Front should be transparent to the other ones

Constraints on Parallel Commissioning Two sectors cannot test simultaneously Two or more 13kA circuits Two fronts cannot test simultaneously Circuits in the same powering subsector when one main circuit is involved.

The Two Fronts – Arc 7-8 Afternoon Shift Morning Shift Morning & Afternoon

Constraints on Parallel Commissioning Two sectors cannot test simultaneously Two or more 13kA circuits Two fronts cannot test simultaneously Circuits in the same powering subsector when one essential circuit is involved. A battery cannot Include circuits above 600A Imply more than one DFB Imply more than two DFB chimneys Include circuits sharing the same QPS controller Include circuits from different circuit type Include circuits from different powering subsectors

Schedule Preparation Preparation PIC2 P2N P2N PIC2 FRONT 1 2 Shifts ARC 7-8 60A ML8 CRYO-OK 4.5K Today WEEK 13 WEEK 15 WEEK 14 WEEK 16 Preparation CRYO-OK 1.9K Preparation PIC2 P2N P2N PIC2 FRONT 1 2 Shifts FRONT 2 2 Shifts

Sector 7-8 – Total TOTAL TIME SECTOR 7-8: 10 WEEKS (from CRYO_START)

Glossary Powering Tests Short-Circuit Tests Field Control Room Individual System Tests (IST) Powering Procedure Tests PIC1 PIC2 Circuit type Sequence Fronts Parallelism Battery of circuits Sector Powering Subsector QPS Controller DFB Chimeny Morning and afternoon shifts Post-Mortem (PM) Analysis Injection Current Intermediate Current I_MIN_OP Current Nominal current