By Mike Post and Jordan Simon 1844-1877 Expansion By Mike Post and Jordan Simon

The Big Idea Natural and mineral resources lead to economic opportunities and religious refuge which increased settlements in the west

Morman settlements Mormons were part of a religion with very extreme beliefs. There leader was assassinated due to his beliefs. After the assassinated the rest of the group moved to Utah in search of a safe haven.

California gold rush Brought 300,000 people to California It was the the first world class gold rush The people who came were called 49ers In 1949 90,000 people came 50,000 to 60,000 were Americans

Silver mining in Nevada In 1850 mormon emigrants were on their way to California and found a silver mine in Nevada. There were people migrating from all over the United States to this silver mine. There was a total of 35 million dollars in gold and silver extracted from this site.

Pikes Peak gold rush Pikes peak is located in the Rocky Mountains. It was later known as the Colorado gold rush. Over 100,000 gold seekers migrated to this area. They settled in mining camps, which lead to big cities, such as Denver City and Boulder City.

Chinese imagration In Southern part of China there was a crop failure and brought 20026 Chinese to San Francisco in 1852 and many of them went to work in the gold fields

The decline of the buffalo Commercial hunting of the buffalo in the west left Indians starving.

The Next Big Idea Westward migrated boosted during the civil war by passage of the new legislation promoting western transportation and economic development

Gadsden Purchase (1853) U.S. paid Mexico $10 million for what is now Arizona and New Mexico. This purchase was necessary for the southern transcontinental railroad. Also, an attempt to resolve conflicts with Mexico after the war.

Pacific Railroad Act This act provided land and loans for the contradiction of railroads across the United States. 8,000 Irish workers 10,000 Chinese workers German & Italian

Homestead Act (1862) Provided any adult 160 acres of land in the west. Landowners were required to work the land and “improve” it. Very few could afford the tools needed.

Morrill Land Grant Act This was a boost in higher government wanted to educate people in agriculture, economics, and mechanical arts. This was available to all social classes

Completion of the Union Pacific railroad In 1869 the first railroads were connected. This allowed safer and easier travel and trade.

New immigration from Eastern and Southern Europe In the 1890s immigration jumped from 3.5million to 9 million during the first decade of a new century. Eastern and Southern Europe made up 70% of immigration during this time.

Chinese exclusion act It required that non labors who sought entry to the United States they had to get a certification from their government Every Chinese resident in the United States had to get a certificate. When the act expired they renewed it in 1892 then made I permanent in 1902

Pap singleton and the exodusters The exodusters were 50,000 freedmen who migrated south to escape poverty and racial violence following whits. Pap singleton made black colonies Many poor blacks moved to the Dunlap colony and put more of financial burden on the colony. In 1880 Singleton testified in congress of the Great exodus in Kansas.