Probiotics and prebiotics overview

What are they? Probiotics are live microorganisms (mostly bacteria, some yeasts, and viruses) that are similar to beneficial microorganisms found in the human gut  They are also referred to as “friendly” or “good” bacteria

Probiotics are available in the form of dietary supplements (capsules, tablets) and foods (yogurt, milk, some juices, soy beverages) Most common probiotics are in the groups Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium

What do they do? Friendly bacteria are vital to proper development of the immune system and must stay balanced with existing bacteria. This bacterial “balancing act” can be thrown off in 2 major ways: Antibiotics – kill friendly bacteria in the gut along with unfriendly bacteria. “Unfriendly” microorganisms such as disease- causing bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and parasites can also upset the balance.

Decreased probiotic populations can lead to yeast infections, skin infections, respiratory infections, intestinal problems (diarrhea, constipation) and many other potential risks.

Health Benefits Anti-diarrhea Boost the immune system Antidiabetic Anticarcinogenic – fight cancer Hypocholesterolemic – lowers cholesterol Antihypertensive Chron’s disease Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Prebiotics Prebiotics stimulate the growth and activity of healthy bacteria in the intestines and increase resistance to invading pathogens. Healthy bacteria in the intestine can combat unwanted bacteria, providing a number of health benefits.

Source of Prebiotics Include soluble dietary fibre, bananas asparagus, garlic, leek, onion, artichoke… Are now being added to everyday food choices such as cereals, biscuits, breads, table spreads, drinks, and yogurts.

What Now? Review for quiz tomorrow Review classification and taxonomy Why classification is important Prokaryotes – Archaea and Bacteria Characteristics? Structure? Reproduction Conjugation Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance Probiotics