1. PROBIOTIK EFFECTS TOWARDS THE HEALTH OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT ORAL BIOLOGY DEPARTEMENT AIRLANGGA UNIVERSITY 2008-2009

2. GROUP MEMBERS : Windy Yuliartanti020810062 Antonia Dea Kartika020810064 Fresynandia K.P.020810065 Hygea Kama Ratih020810066 Widya Astuti Sulyani020810069 Meivira Anindita C.020810071 Rini Tiara020810072 Rachmawati Virliani020810074 Eva Olivina Torry020810075 Astri Retno W020810076 Ab Hafeez Bin Ab Rahman020810317

3. Probiotik Definition In general, Probiotics are live micro-organisms (in most cases, bacteria) which are found identical to helpful micro-organisms found in the human intestine. According to the currently adopted definition by Food and Agriculture Organization /World Health Organization, probiotics are: ‘Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host’.

4. Probiotics are available in foods and dietary supplements (for example, capsules, tablets, and powders) and in some other forms as well. Examples of foods containing probiotics are yogurt, fermented and unfermented milk, miso, tempeh, and some juices and soy beverages

5. Types of Probiotic Bacteria * Good Bacteria Examples Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, and Lactobacillus (Lactic acid bacteria). * Bad or Pathogenic Bacteria Examples Clostridium, Salmonella, Shigella, and Candida.

6. A few fermented pruducts containg lactic acid and having probiotic effects : Kefir Yoghurt Sauerkraut Kimchi Kombucha

7. Characteristics of good bacteria that can be used as probiotic agent, including: 1. Having antimicrobial activities 2. Resistant to digestion tract selection system 3. Having anti carcinogenic activities 4. Able to colonize in the intestinal tract 5. Able to improve intestinal absorption

8. Main functions of probiotic food : Maintain a balance of intestinal bacteria Reduce blood cholesterol level Prevent the formation of cancer cells Helps the digestion of lactose (sugar in milk)

9. Benefits of Probiotics 1. Maintaining a balance between pathogenic bacteria and good bacteria in the intestine 2. Help clean up the tract and produce vitamins 3. Help liver function in detoxifying 4. Prevent diarrhea, constipation and allergies 5. Reduce the possibility of allergic reactions

10. 6. Probiotik overcomes human indigestion problem 7. Prevents IBS ( Irritable bowel syndrome) 8. Increase the system’s immunity

11. The beneficial bacteria in the alimentary tract, including : Lactobacilus acidophilus Lactobaciluus casei Bifidobacterium bifidum Bifidobacterium langum Saccharomyces boulardii

12. Lactobacillus casei Lactobacillus bulgaricus Bifidobacterium

13. Examples of pathogenic bacteria in the alimentary tract: 1. Staphylococcus aureus 2. Salmonella : causes enteric fever and gastroentritis 3. Shigella : causes shigellosis (Basher dysentery) 4. Vibrio cholerae 5. Clostridium botulinum 6. Pseudomonas cocovenenans

14. food Digestion Chemical digestionMechanical digestion enzymeBacterial mutualism Inside BodyOutside body Normal flora Probiotics E.coli Bifidobacterium Lactobacillus Eubacterium Fights pathogenic bacteria Bacterial balance mouth esophagus stomach Small intestine Large intestine rectum Healthy digestion

15. Conclusion Probiotics are bacterias that are helpful to the human health especially for the human digestive system. Consumption of Probiotics will help the digestive system to funtion at its best.