APUSH Chapter 13 p. 275-280 Expansion in Texas

Americans settle the Southwest During the three centuries of Spanish rule only a few thousand Mexican settlers live in Texas Mexico wins independence from Spain in 1821. Who are the Tejanos?

Impact of Mexican Independence Strengthen ties with the United States Increased trade opportunities Northern provinces (Texas) trade more with U.S. than with rest of Mexico Difficult to control such a large area of land

Mexico Invites U.S. settlers Why did Mexico encourage U.S. farmers to settle there? To prevent border violations by thieves & to protect the territory from Indian attacks What did Mexico use to attract these settlers? Land Grants What happened to the Mexican population in Texas?

Growth of Texas As more people settle in Texas, many in America want to annex the territory. President Jackson offers to buy Texas for $5 Million. Why did Mexico regret the decision to open its borders?

Tension in Mexico & Texas Independence Tensions grow in Texas over cultural differences and the emergence of slavery Most Mexicans are Catholic and speak Spanish, while most settlers are Protestant and speak English What does the Mexican Government do to halt immigration? In 1830 Mexico seals its borders and put a heavy tax on American goods

Texas Revolution New residents of Texas did not take kindly to increased restrictions Led to revolts that would become the Texas Revolution 1835 Texan forces drive Mexicans from the Alamo near San Antonio

Remember the Alamo 187 Texans vs. over 4,000 Mexican troops Davy Crockett fights for Texas The Texans held their ground for 12 days All 187 Texans die and Mexico claims the fort The Alamo

Republic of Texas When did Texas declare itself independent? 1836 Who did the Texans compare themselves to? American Colonists sixty years earlier

Texas Joins the Union Sam Houston is the first President Texas joins the U.S. in 1845 Which region of the U.S. supported the Annexation of TX? Why? Sam Houston

The Mexican-American War

James K. Polk 11th President of the U.S. Saw war with Mexico as a way to complete the manifest destiny of the U.S. Thought war victory would allow U.S. to control CA & NM Added more territory to U.S. than any other President

Sectional Attitudes Toward War Two reasons the South favors the war: Extend slavery Increase Southern power in Congress Two reasons the North opposed the war: Plot to expand slavery Extend Southern domination of the Union

Wilmot Proviso p. 294 What compromise does this contradict? States that slavery will be prohibited in all lands that might be gained from Mexico Southerners saw this as an attack on their state’s rights and turned the debate over war with Mexico into a debate over slavery

The Mexican American War The American Invasion of Mexico lasted about one year 25,000 Mexicans died in the war 13,000 Americans died in the war The war increased the territory of the U.S. by 1/3

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Ends the Mexican-American War Three stipulations of the treaty: Rio Grande River is new border with Texas Mexico cedes CA & NM to U.S. U.S. pays $15 million for the Mexican cession What happens to the Mexican citizens in these areas? They become American Citizens