Napoleon’s Empire

Directory Appointed Napoleon to lead French army against Austria and Kingdom of Sardinia Directory lost political power, Napoleon urged to seize power Legislature dissolved directory, established group of three consuls Coup d'état – sudden seizure of power Second Coalition – Britain, Austria and Russia attempt to drive Nap from power Due to war, all three signed peace treaty with France

Napoleon Rules France Plebiscite – vote of the people to approve a new constitution Gave all power to Napoleon as first consul Nap supported laws to strengthen central govt, stabilize economy and equal taxation Set up national bank and tax-collection system Dismissed corrupt officials, set up lycees or govt-run public schools

Signed concordat (agreement) to restore position of church in France Govt recognized influence of church but rejected church control of national affairs Napoleonic Code System of laws, limited liberty and promoted order and authority over individual rights Restricted freedom of speech and press and restored slavery in Caribbean

Napoleon Becomes Emperor Wanted reassert France as world power Sold Louisiana Territory to US for $15 million Third Coalition -Britain, Russia, Austria and Sweden Battle of Trafalgar – only major battle loss Destruction of French fleet assured British navy’s supremacy for years and forced Nap to give up plan for invading Britain

Three Costly Mistakes Blockade – forcible closing of ports Continental System Prevent all trade and communication b/w G.B. and other nations Intended to destroy Britain's commercial and industrial economy British navy stopped ships bound for continent and forced to be searched and taxed

Second Mistake Peninsular war Nationalism spread in Europe B/c Portugal ignored Continental System, he sent army to invade Guerrillas (peasant fighters) were difficult for Nap to defeat b/c would ambush and then flee British aided rebel fighters Nationalism spread in Europe

Invasion of Russia 1810- Czar Alexander I does not support Continental System and wants war with France Napoleon invades Russia Scorched-earth policy - Russians burn Moscow so French troops have no place to stay during winter French troops have no winter supplies

Napoleon’s Downfall Fourth Coalition – defeated Nap and he gave up his throne and accepted terms of surrender Banished Nap to Elba, tiny island off Italian coast but escaped when hearing of trouble His forces were defeated at Waterloo; British led by Duke Wellington 100 Days - sent to island of St. Helena

Congress of Vienna Three Goals Prevent future French aggression by surrounding France with stronger countries Restore balance of power so no country would be threat to another Restore Europe’s royal families to thrones before Napoleon

Changes beyond Vienna Concert of Europe – assured nations would help one another a revolution broke out Revolutions in Latin America Clash of conservatives, liberals and radicals Revolts against King Ferdinand of Spain broke out in Spanish America King tightened control, causing Mexican revolt European and Latin American countries saw democracy as best way for equality and justice for people

Quiz 1. What country was involved in all 4 coalitions to remove France from power? 2. Why would Napoleonic Code restrict freedom of speech and press? 3. Why did Napoleon give up trying to invade Britain? 4. Why was a peninsular war tough for Napoleon? 5. Where was Napoleons final defeat before he was sent away for good?

1. Austria 2. To prevent anyone speaking out against Napoleon or France 3. Destruction of the French fleet 4. Guerrillas ambushing and then fleeing 5. Waterloo