DR.s.r.pahlavanpoor Md-mph-phtls instructor

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Presentation transcript:

DR.s.r.pahlavanpoor Md-mph-phtls instructor Disaster&triage DR.s.r.pahlavanpoor Md-mph-phtls instructor

Disaster&triage

Disaster&triage تریاژ به معنی مرتب سازی است. باید همزمان به نیازهای پزشکی و وخامت حال هر بیمارتوجه شود. انجام بیشترین کارمفیدبرای بیشترین تعداد بیمار مرتب سازی باحداقل اطلاعات ازبیمارانجام شود. منابع موجود هم در مرتب سازی در نظر گرفته شود. روشی برای تشخیص قربانیانی که آسیب های تهدید کننده حیات رادارند و بیشترین شانس زنده ماندن رادارند.

Disaster&triage

Disaster&triage

dr.pahlavanpoor@gmail.com

dr.pahlavanpoor@gmail.com

تریاژدر بحران( عدم تعادل بین منابع و نیازها) Disaster&triage تریاژدر بحران( عدم تعادل بین منابع و نیازها) کمبودپرسنل(پزشک – پرستار .......) کمبودتجهیزات ومنابع کمبودآمبولانس برای تخلیه دسترسی محدود به قربانیان و یا صحنه حادثه

Disaster&triage کاربردتریاژ تعدادقربانی بیشتراز منابع در دسترس منابع محدود است زمان حیاتی است

Disaster&triage معیارهای تریاژ ماهیت وشدت صدمه به مصدوم و اینکه چقدر تهدید کننده حیات است(نه ترتیب ورود) احتمال بقا قربانی

Disaster&triage اقدامات در هنگام تریاژ ارزیابی صحنه(ایمنی پرسنل) ارزیابی قربانیان دسته بندی قربانیان براساس فوریت درمانی مورد نیاز جابجایی/مشخص کردن قربانیان بانیازهای فوری و تاخیری درمانهای تهدید کننده حیات(به شرط بقاومنابع و زمان کافی و براساس دستورالعمل)

Disaster&triage قوانین کلی تریاژ اگر به سطح تریاژ مشکوک هستیداولویت بالاتر (بدتر) راانتخاب نمایید در مقایسه همزمان بین بچه ها و بزرگسالان اولویت تریاژ و یا انتقال بچه ها بالاتر میتواند باشد مراقبت های درمانی و روتین بعداز تریاژ انجام میشود اگرقربانی هیستریک است برای آرام کردن صحنه اجازه داریداولویت بالاتر ( تخلیه سریعتر)به وی دهید درمانها قطعی مانند بخیه،شستشوی کامل زخم و... بعداز تریاژ همه قربانیان انجام میشود( مگرآنکه همه مصدومین تریاژ شده باشند و فعلا مصدمی در صحنه نیست و یا پرسنل اضافی وارد صحنه شده اند)

تریاژدر همه سطوح درمانی انجام میشود: Disaster&triage تریاژدر همه سطوح درمانی انجام میشود: درصحنه حادثه در محل تجمع مصدومین هنگام تخلیه(انتقال) ورود به بیمارستان( مرکز درمانی) انتقال به بخش

Disaster&triage تریاژاولیه بیشتر ارزیابی سریع و مرتب سازی و علامت گذاری قربانیان است. اقدامات درمانی خیلی محدود است.

Disaster&triage تریاژ ثانویه ارزیابی ثانویه مرتب سازی دوباره درمان های فوری براساس منابع موجود تشکیل پرونده(مرتب سازی)

dr.pahlavanpoor@gmail.com

Disaster&triage تریاژدرسطح سوم ارزیابی مجدد شرایط قربانیان و همچنین منابع درمان های پیشرفته براساس منابع و یا انتقال

Disaster&triage انواع تریاژ درصحنه تریاژدرحوادث با قربانی زیاد/بلایا تریاژبیمارستانی/تریاژسطح2و3 تریاژنظامی تریاژمعکوس تریاژافراد ویژه

تقسیم بندی کلی مصدومین درتریاژ Disaster&triage تقسیم بندی کلی مصدومین درتریاژ نیاز به درمان / اقدام فوری درمان/اقدام تاخیری غیرفوری مرده یااحتمال مرگ زیاد

Disaster&triage

Disaster&triage

Disaster&triage

Disaster&triage

Start system(simple triage and rapid transport)

Start system

Start system

Jump start

Combined start/jump start triage algorithm

Disaster&triage بعداز تریاژاولیه مصدومین بااولویت بالا به ناحیه بعدی (تجمع-تریاژ-پست درمانی پیشرفته) منتقل میشوند. منابع موجوددرنظرگرفته میشود. ایمن بودن محیط مهم است. برخی درمانها شروع میشود( ثابت سازی) تریاژ مجددانجام میشود. شرایط انتقال به بیمارستان بررسی میشود. مقصدحتی المقدور تعیین میشود،تریاژانتقال انجام میشودومسیریابی در نظر گرفته میشود.

Chemical Incidents

Chemical Incidents WHO: 3 mil. Admissions and 220000 Mortality Annually out of Chemical Incidents in the World

Chemical Incidents Mechanism of Health Effects of Chemical incidents: Explosion Fire Chemicals (Spills and Leaks) Structural Collapse

Chemical Incidents Most Common Fatal Injuries: Trauma (65%) Thermal burns (16%) Respiratory irritation with airway obstruction &/or respiratory failure (10%) Chemical burns (6%) Other causes (3%)

Chemical Incidents What is wrong with the patient Physical Trauma Exposure to Chemical HAZMAT Inhalation(Most common) Skin & mucous membranes(Common) Ingestion & Injection(Unlikely) Toxicity(Local-Systemic)

Chemical Incidents General Indicators of Possible HazMat Event Unusual occurrence of dead or dying animals (such as dead birds) Unexplained casualties (multiple victims with the similar signs and symptoms such as skin, respiratory system, vision, and nervous system involvement) Increase in the frequency of those with the aforementioned signs and symptoms in the direction of prevailing winds Unusual liquid or vapor clouds (droplets, unexplained odor, or taste) Mass casualties without any conventional injuries

Chemical Incidents Hazmat Incident Priorities Communication and coordination Protection of emergency responders Prevention of secondary contamination Decon Decreasing morbidity & mortality Medical management

Chemical Incidents Protection of Responders: Hazmat Scene Control Zones Hot Zone Primary contamination Warm Zone Decon of victims, rescue personnel, & equipment Cold Zone Incident command center Definitive Triage and immediate treatment of decontaminated patients

Chemical Incidents Medical Management of Hazmat Victims Decon Primary Survey & Resuscitation Hazmat Patient Assessment AMPLE History Secondary Survey Poisoning Treatment

Chemical Incidents Is skin decon necessary? Skin Decontamination (Decon):2 goals Prevent secondary contamination Alter absorption Is skin decon necessary? Usually not for gases & vapors(Unless irritant gas causes signs or symptoms) Necessary for adherent solids or liquids, including aerosols If water-soluble, then use water If not, then use water & mild liquid detergent Dilution is the solution to pollution Performed in warm zone

Chemical Incidents Skin Decon 2-step process 1st -Remove all clothing, jewelry,shoes, & adherent material Bag, tag, & leave possessions at scene Brush away adherent solids Blot away adherent liquids 2nd–Meticulously wash with large quantities of water Use mild liquid detergent if adherent solids or liquids are not water-soluble or are unknown materials Pay attention to exposed skin in skin folds

Chemical Incidents Eye Decon Irrigate exposed, symptomatic eyes immediately & continuously Use water or saline Water is best Readily available in large quantity Efficient Check for & remove contact lenses

Chemical Incidents Primary Survey & Resuscitation: The Basics Performed only after adequate decon in warm zone / ED Decon area Only two procedures performed before decon Open airway Spine precautions Use common sense Safety comes first

Chemical Incidents

Chemical Incidents

Chemical Incidents

Chemical Incidents

Any question? Good Luck