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Neolithic Revolution Man stopped hunting and gathering and their nomadic lifestyle to settle down and build cities and towns. This was a turning point in history because it gave rise to civilization as we know it.

Mesopotamia Hammurabi's Code- First set of written laws that provided harsh punishments for offenders. It was designed to help protect the weaker members of society. Cuneiform- First known written language. This is significant because it helps historians figure out what happened in Mesopotamia, as well as how it influenced other cultures to develop their own written language

Indus River Valley Didn’t leave us many records, mostly just artifacts. We know they had very organized cities which means they must have had an organized government. They were a peaceful civilization with no records or war.

Egypt The pyramids- Did the slaves build them? Somewhat hard to tell, sources differ. It appears there may have been a combination of free workers and slaves Hieroglyphics- This was the Egyptians’ written language and it was a series of pictures that represented things and thoughts.

China Mandate of Heaven- The gods chose the leader and if the leader loses his throne, it is proof that the gods were not happy with him. Legalism- man is naturally bad and needs a strong government to rule them, or there will be chaos. Daoism- “The Way.” Stressed one needs to be one with nature. The best government is the one that governs the least.

China con’t Confucianism- Stressed the five relationships. If everyone knew their place social order and peace would be achieved. Filial Piety- Respect for your family members, especially your elders. China believed it was the “Middle Kingdom,” thought they were the center of the universe and that all other cultures were less than them. This is an example of ethnocentrism. Silk Road was a large trade route that brought many different goods and ideas to different places. This is cultural diffusion.

Greece Athens was were democracy was born. Athens society valued participation in government above all else. This is where the most famous philosophers came from Sparta valued military strength above all else. Socrates-Interested in knowing truth Plato-Thought the best government was a “Philosopher King.” Aristotle- Preached the “Golden Mean” or moderation in all things Alexander the Great conquered a vast majority of land and blended Greek Culture with the native cultures resulting in “Hellenism.”

Hinduism Polytheistic Dharma- Religious guidelines to follow Karma- All the good that you do in this life Reincarnation- The soul is reborn and placed in the caste that coincides with how much Karma you accrued in your previous life Moksha- the ultimate goal, to become one with Brahman Brahman- Supreme God, all knowing

Buddhism 4 Noble Truths 8 Fold Path was a guideline for how to live your life and to end suffering Nirvana was the ultimate goal, reaching a state of complete consciousness that does not allow for any suffering

Christianity Founded in the Middle East, rose out of Judaism 10 Commandments- Guidelines for living, similar to 8 Fold Path Largest religion in the world

Judaism Founded in the Middle East by Abram.