Warm front in radar images

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Presentation transcript:

Warm front in radar images Elena Saltikoff Finnish Meteorological Institute

A warm front in radar images Reflectivity seen in CAPPI, TOPS, MAX Geometrical properties seen in PPI Wind seen in PPI and as wind profiles ”Easy” case: most of the measured precipitation is snow Melting is usual for many of you, but radarwise a challenge (more about it later) Ikaalinen radar Analysis 14 Jan 2007 12 UTC

Surface pressure, Temperature advection 850 hPa

700 hPa humidity

IR Meteosat 6 UTC

04:00 CAPPI 500 m composite (=”mosaic”) 500 m

05:00

06:00

07:00

08:00

Cappi TOPS

Cross section reveals the typical warm front shield

Cross section and TOPS 30 min later

And an hour after previous slide

Cappi MAX

Why does reflectivity grow downwards and (here) west? Warmer air, bigger flakes Photos snowflakes.com

PPI Images elevation 7 degrees

You should remember That radar measurements are made on conical surfaces, so edges are higher than centre

First: concentrate in geometry Why a hole ? Why not symmetrical but an ellipse ?

30 minutes later

Cold colours towards - reds away Shear. Low levels: southwest High levels: West (and stronger) Warm advection

Enough of yin and yang ? These images are great for tornado hunting. For simple cases of uniform wind field, there are more sophisticated tools.

Time series of wind barbs + reflectivity Wind turning clockwise and growing with height: warm advection Reflectivity growing: warmer air, larger flakes

Single wind profile: Speed, direction, reflectivity as averages in a 15-km cylinder

Wind profile 5:47 UTC (15 min after previous one) Low level wind maximum ! Why ?

Wind profile still 15 minutes later

One hour after the previous one

Cold conveyor belt is visible, because it’s inside the precipitation

Warm front summary Warm front is a 3-d structure: think about the shield cloud Reflectivity depends on size and number of particles; in snowfall, it is strongly depending on temperature The radar measures snow in all warm fronts (but sometimes it melts before falling to ground) Details of warm front windfield, such as conveyor belts, can sometimes be seen with Doppler radar