Chapter 3 Rules and Regulations Dick Wade, KK6LDD Discussion Leader

Brief Review of Chapter 2 Procedures and Practices Exam Questions When selecting a CW transmitting frequency, what minimum separation should be used to minimize interference to stations on adjacent frequencies? 5 to 50 Hz 150 to 500 Hz 1 to 3 kHz 3 to 6 kHz 2 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Brief Review of Chapter 2 Procedures and Practices Exam Questions When selecting a CW transmitting frequency, what minimum separation should be used to minimize interference to stations on adjacent frequencies? 150 to 500 Hz G2B04, Page 2-3 3 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Brief Review of Chapter 2 Procedures and Practices Exam Questions Why do most amateur stations use lower sideband on the 160-meter, 75-meter and 40-meter bands? Lower sideband is more efficient than upper sideband at these frequencies Lower sideband is the only sideband legal on these frequency bands Because it is fully compatible with an AM detector Current amateur practice is to use lower sideband on these frequency bands 4 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Brief Review of Chapter 2 Procedures and Practices Exam Questions Why do most amateur stations use lower sideband on the 160-meter, 75-meter and 40-meter bands? Current amateur practice is to use lower sideband on these frequency bands G2A09, Page 2-8 5 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Brief Review of Chapter 2 Procedures and Practices Exam Questions Which of the following modes is most commonly used for voice communications on the 160-meter, 75-meter, and 40-meter bands? Vestigial sideband Upper sideband Double sideband Lower sideband 6 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Brief Review of Chapter 2 Procedures and Practices Exam Questions Which of the following modes is most commonly used for voice communications on the 160-meter, 75-meter, and 40-meter bands? Lower sideband G2A02, Page 2-8 7 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Brief Review of Chapter 2 Procedures and Practices Exam Questions Which of the following is an advantage when using single sideband as compared to other analog voice modes on the HF amateur bands? Less bandwidth used and greater power efficiency Ease of tuning on receive and immunity to impulse noise Less subject to interference from atmospheric static crashes Very high fidelity voice modulation 8 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Brief Review of Chapter 2 Procedures and Practices Exam Questions Which of the following is an advantage when using single sideband as compared to other analog voice modes on the HF amateur bands? Less bandwidth used and greater power efficiency G2A06, Page 2-7 9 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Chapter 3 Rules and Regulations As a Technician Class licensee you already know that amateur radio is governed by a set of rules and regulations and that some are mandated by law and others come under the heading of “good amateur radio practice.” Some of tonight’s discussion may be review, but there are new rules and regulations that are unique to General Class license holders. 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Chapter 3 3.1 Regulatory Bodies INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION (ITU) Since shortwave signals can travel internationally, all countries have by treaty established a world radio governing body, known as the ITU. The ITU has divided the world into three administrative regions; we are in Region 2. [G1A14] Similar to Figure 3.1, Page 3-1 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Chapter 3 3.1 Regulatory Bodies FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMISSION U.S CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS TITLE 47 [TELECOMMUNICATIONS] PART 97 [AMATEUR RADIO SERVICE] A 32-page PDF copy of Part 97 is available from ARRL. Web search “ARRL PART 97,” download, and keep it for reference. 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Chapter 3 3.1 Regulatory Bodies The FCC AMATEUR AUXILIARY is composed of hams who have been formally enlisted to monitor amateur frequencies for rules violations. It is informally known as the Official Observer program. Official Observers are sometimes called upon to use radio direction finding skills to locate rules violators. A “radiosport” called transmitter hunting or fox hunting, is a great way to develop these skills. [G2D01] [G2D03] 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Chapter 3 3.1 Regulatory Bodies The FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION also impacts Amateur operations in terms of tower height limitations: If a tower exceeds 200 feet, the FAA must be notified even if it is not near a public use airport. [G1B01] 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Chapter 3 3.2 Amateur Licensing Rules A new rule as of 2015 Any person who can document a previously held amateur license may receive credit for passing the requirements for the previously held license providing that they pass the current Technician Class (Element 2) exam. [G1D01,G1D11] 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Chapter 3 3.2 Amateur Licensing Rules License Elements Element 1 = 5 WPM Morse Code Test (NO LONGER REQUIRED) Element 2 = Technician Class license Element 3 = General Class License Element 4 = Extra Class License 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Chapter 3 3.2 Amateur Licensing Rules Examiner Rules So you want to become a Volunteer Examiner? Then………. You must be accredited through an FCC-certified Volunteer Examiner Coordinator organization. The ARRL is one of these VEC organizations. You must be 18 or older. [97.509(B)] You must hold a General Class or higher FCC license. You do not have to be a U.S. Citizen to be accredited, but you must hold a General Class or higher license. [G1D05] [G1D07] [G1D08] [G1D10] 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Chapter 3 3.2 Amateur Licensing Rules Who can administer which license elements? VE License Class Allowed Examinations Element General Technician Element 2 Advanced Technician General Element 2 Element 3 Amateur Extra Element 4 Based on Table 3.1, Page 3-3 [G1D02] 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Chapter 3 3.2 Amateur Licensing Rules All exams must be administered by a minimum of three VE observers. Other VE rules are spelled out in Part 97. [97.509] Your Certificate of Successful Completion of Examination (CSCE) is valid for 365 days. [G1D04] [G1D09] 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Chapter 3 3.2 Amateur Licensing Rules All upgraded operating privileges may be taken advantage of right away. Until your new license class shows up in the FCC database, you must identify with an added Indicator suffix: You may converse on the air in any language you like, but you must identify with your call sign in English. [G1D03] [G1D06] /AG for General Class /AE for Extra Class [G1D09] 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Chapter 3 3.3 Control Operator Privileges Frequency Privileges 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Chapter 3 3.3 Control Operator Privileges Let’s see how well you prepared for this chapter by looking at some questions you could expect to see on the exam. Jot down your answers Frequency Privileges 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Chapter 3 3.3 Control Operator Privileges Here are two more questions Frequency Privileges 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Chapter 3 3.3 Control Operator Privileges How did you do? Question Answer Which of the following frequencies is in the General Class portion of the 40-meter band? 7.250 MHz Page 3-7 [G1A05] 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Chapter 3 3.3 Control Operator Privileges How about this one? Question Answer Which of the following frequencies is within the General Class portion of the 20-meter phone band? 14305 kHz Page 3-7 [G1A07] 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Chapter 3 3.3 Control Operator Privileges And this one? Question Answer Which of the following frequencies is available to a control operator holding a General Class license? All are correct Page 3-7 [G1A10] 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Chapter 3 3.3 Control Operator Privileges And this last one? Question Answer Which of the following frequencies is within the General Class portion of the 75-meter phone band? 3900 kHz Page 3-8 [G1A06] 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Chapter 3 3.3 Control Operator Privileges PHONE (voice) and IMAGE transmission is PROHIBITED on the 30m band. [G1A02][G1A03] One HF band, 60m, is restricted to communication ONLY ON SPECIFIC CHANNELS. [G1A04] 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Chapter 3 3.3 Control Operator Privileges General Class license holders have less than full voice privileges on four HF bands: 80m, 40m, 20m, 15m. Voice privileges are limited to UPPER FREQUENCY END OF THE BAND. [G1A11] 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Chapter 3 3.3 Control Operator Privileges General Class operators are granted all frequency privileges on SIX HF bands: 160m, 60m, 30m, 17m, 12m, and 10m. [G1A01] 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Chapter 3 3.3 Control Operator Privileges Amateurs are designated as secondary users on several ham bands, including TWO HF bands: 60m and 30m. We are allowed to transmit on those bands ONLY if we cause no interference to primary users. If a primary user notifies us that we are interfering with his operation, we are REQUIRED BY LAW to stop transmitting and move to a clear frequency. Secondary Users (Essential Concept) [G1A12] [G1A13] 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Chapter 3 3.3 Control Operator Privileges True or False There are three special circumstances that require amateurs to take special steps to avoid harmful interference. These are……… When a station is transmitting spread spectrum emissions When operating within one mile of an FCC Monitoring Station When using a band where the Amateur Service is secondary 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Chapter 3 3.3 Control Operator Privileges True Special Circumstances [G1E04] Page 3-9 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Chapter 3 3.3 Control Operator Privileges Beacons For the purposes of observing propagation and reception, amateurs are allowed to employ BEACON STATIONS, which is an exception to the Part 97 prohibition of broadcasting (one-way communication). The power limit for beacons is 100 watts PEP. We are allowed to place only one beacon per band at any given location. [G1B03] [G1B10] [G1B02] 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Chapter 3 3.3 Control Operator Privileges Repeater Coordination The FCC has made it clear that part of "good operating practice" is cooperation with local repeater coordinating organization.[97.205(c)] In the event of harmful interference between two repeaters, the licensee of the uncoordinated repeater has primary responsibility to resolve the interference. [G1E06] 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Chapter 3 3.3 Control Operator Privileges Third-Party Traffic Messages for a third-party in another country may be transmitted by an amateur station ONLY IF: the messages relate to Amateur Radio -or- constitute remarks of a personal character -or- messages relating to emergencies or disaster relief [G1E05] 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Chapter 3 3.3 Control Operator Privileges Third-Party Traffic-continued Communications with amateur stations outside the U.S. are permissible, except for countries which have notified the ITU that they object to such communications. Third party traffic must never originate from an individual whose amateur license has been suspended or revoked, and not reinstated. [G2D05] [G1E01] 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Chapter 3 3.3 Control Operator Privileges Third-Party Traffic-continued Third party traffic is prohibited with any amateur station in a country which does NOT have a Third-Party Agreement with the U.S. The sole exception is for messages related to disaster or emergency communication – these are permitted. INTERNATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS [G1E08] [G1E07] 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Chapter 3 3.3 Control Operator Privileges Refer to Table 3.3, Page 3-11 for a better view 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Chapter 3 3.3 Control Operator Privileges Prohibited and Restricted Communications Music, unless it is an incidental part of a manned spacecraft retransmission. Abbreviations or procedural signals are allowed as long as they do not obscure the meaning of a message. NO SECRET CODES. An exception to the prohibition of secret codes is control of a space station, such as an amateur satellite [G1B05] [G1B07] [G1B06] 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Chapter 3 3.3 Control Operator Privileges Some amateur satellites have downlinks in the 10-meter band. Technician class licensees may use these repeaters AS LONG AS THE CONTROL OPERATOR OF THE SATELLITE HOLDS A GENERAL CLASS LICENSE. The pecuniary interest prohibition has four exceptions. One allows the advertising of ham radio equipment AND this advertising must not be done on a regular basis. [97.113(a)(3)(ii)] Other Exceptions [G1E02] [G1B09] 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Chapter 3 3.3 Control Operator Privileges If you operate on the 60m band with any type of antenna having gain over a dipole, you must keep a written record of the gain of your antenna. The reason is that you must ensure that you do not transmit more than the allowed 100 watts EFFECTIVE RADIATED POWER. Written Records [G2D07] 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Chapter 3 3.4 Technical Rules and Standards The FCC requires that an amateur station be operated in all respects not specifically covered by the Part 97 rules "IN CONFORMANCE WITH GOOD ENGINEERING AND GOOD AMATEUR PRACTICE" [97.101(a)] THE FCC determines what is considered to be "GOOD ENGINEERING AND GOOD AMATEUR PRACTICE.“ They have the last word. [97.101(a)] Good Amateur Practices [G1B11] [G1B12] 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Chapter 3 3.4 Technical Rules and Standards The maximum transmitting power an amateur station may use on 10.140 MHz (30m) is 200 watts PEP output [97.313(c)(1)] The maximum bandwidth permitted by FCC rules for Amateur Radio stations transmitting on USB frequencies in the 60-meter band is 2.8 kHz [97.303(h)(1)] Transmitters and Amplifier Power [G1C01] [G1C03] 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Chapter 3 3.4 Technical Rules and Standards The maximum symbol rate permitted for RTTY or data emission transmitted at frequencies below 28 MHz is 300 baud. [97.307(f)(3)] The maximum symbol rate permitted for RTTY or data emission transmissions on the 10-meter band is 1200 baud. [97.305(c) and 97.307(f)(4)] Digital Transmissions [G1C07] [G1C08] [G1C10] 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Chapter 3 3.4 Technical Rules and Standards The maximum symbol rate permitted for RTTY or data emission transmissions on the 2-meter band is 19.6 kilobaud. [97.305(c) and 97.307(f)(5)] The maximum symbol rate permitted for RTTY or data emission transmitted on the 1.25-meter and 70 centimeter bands is 56 kilobaud. [97.305(c) and 97.307(f)(5)] Digital Transmissions [G1C11] [G1C09] 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

BAUD RATES UPCOMING RULE CHANGES As of January 2015, the FCC was considering an ARRL proposed rule change regarding data rates. The proposal is to eliminate symbol rate (BAUD RATE) in favor of specifying maximum bandwidths for digital emissions. BAUD rate restrictions were last revisited 30 years ago. The state of the art in digital communications has progressed, and so must the rules. STAY TUNED – (search on RM-11708 for news) Digital Transmissions 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course

Class Session 3 Assignment In preparation for the next class session, do the following……. ● Study Chapter 4 “Components and Circuits” Part I: Electrical Principles, Passive Components, AC Theory ● Study the Question Pool questions found in the ”blue boxes” in this chapter. See you next week! 48 2017 MDARC/SATERN General Licensing Course