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Only 25 more lectures after today!! Lecture 1: Forces Only 25 more lectures after today!!

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How many kids does Curtis Have? None One Two Three Who’s Curtis

Newton’s Laws of Motion If the sum of all external forces on an object is zero, then its speed and direction will not change. Inertia If a nonzero net force is applied to an object its motion will change F= ma In an interaction between two objects, the forces that each exerts on the other are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. Lets do all demos here. Table cloth, Fred and cart, Equal and Opposite forces 30

Forces Non-Contact ---- Gravity (F = G m M /r2 ) Example: (two people) G = 6.7x10-11 m3 / (kg s2) Example: (two people) F = (6.7x10-11 ) (60) (60)/ (.5)2 = Weight of 100g = 31

Example Weight of Person Calculate the gravitational force on a 60 kg person near the surface of the earth. Earth: Mass = 6x1024 kg, radius = 6.4 x106 m. F = G M m / r2 = (6.7x10-11 m3 / (kg s2)) (6x1024 kg) (60 kg)/ (6.4x106 )2 m2 = kg m/s2 (Newtons) Most common gravitational calculation involves object close to surface of the earth F = (G M / r2) * m F = * m = 33

Newton’s 2nd Law Fnet = m a What if Gravity is the only force?

Normal Force Perpendicular to Surface Repulsive Reactive Contact

Example: (person in elevator) What is the magnitude of the Normal force? Constant velocity M = 60kg

Example: (person in elevator) What is the magnitude of the Normal force? Accelerating up at 2 m/s2 M = 60kg

Example: (person in elevator) What is the magnitude of the Normal force? Accelerating down at 3m/s2 M = 60kg

Tension Similar to normal force (Reactive) Can only pull (can’t push on rope) Constant throughout rope

Example: Box in Elevator What is the magnitude of the tension? a= 2 m/s2 10kg

Springs 10kg Similar to tension, normal Reactive Changes length according to tension F = -k Δx k=50 N/m 10kg

Free Body Diagrams Choose Object (book) Label coordinate axis Identify All Forces Hand (to right) Gravity (down) Normal (table, up) Friction (table, left) Normal friction hand Gravity y x Physics 40