Middle East History Review

1. Kurds live in Turkey, Iran, Iraq Syria 1. What countries do the Kurds live in? 2. What Part of IRAQ do they live in? 1. Kurds live in Turkey, Iran, Iraq Syria 2. North-eastern region of Iraq

1. Who was saddam Hussein. 2. Why was he significant. 3 1. Who was saddam Hussein? 2. Why was he significant? 3. what was his religion? 1. Leader of Iraq 2. he invaded Iran and Kuwait. He was a dictator. He persecuted is own people (Kurds and Shias). Fought 3 wars (Iran-Iraq war, 1st Persian Gulf War , 2nd Persian Gulf War). In the 2nd Gulf War (post 9/11) accused by USA of having weapons of Mass Destruction (never found). 3. Sunni Muslim

What were the results of the Shah’s modernization of Iran? Equal rights for women Built up infrastructure Built schools and universities WESTERNIZE!!! BUT…. People put in prison and tortured for speaking out against him People forced to wear western clothing Not allowed to wear traditional Muslim clothing

Describe the Iran-Iraq war Who-Iraq, Iran, US, Britain and others What-Iraq invaded Iran The US backed Iraq. saddam Hussein wanted oil and control of the shat-al-arab. He also wanted to prevent a Shia Muslim uprising from happening in Iraq like it had in Iran. When-1980-1988 Where- Fought mostly in Iran Why- The war ended in a stalemate, neither side lost land, they were to share the Shat-al-arab. Hussein remained in power.

What caused the Iranian revolution? What was the outcome? People put in prison and tortured for speaking out against him People forced to wear western clothing Not allowed to wear traditional Muslim clothing Majority of people looking for a religious leader The shah helped the rich, not the poor OUTCOME- Shah overthrown-left iran. Ayatollah Khomeini becomes ruler for life- establishes a theocracy-a religious government

Describe the first Persian gulf war Who- Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, USA, Britain (and others- coalition of the willing) What- saddam Hussein invade Kuwait for oil to get money for debt When -Aug 1990 – Feb 1991 Where- Iraq invade kuwait, saudi arabia fearful iraq would invade them as well. Coalition of the willing bombs iraq Why- hussein wants oil to make money do he can pay down debt from iran-iraq war, control kuwait which he feels is land that belongs to iraq How- iraq surrendered, Husseinstays in power, kuwait gets land back but husssein burns the il fields Coalition- a group of allies fighting for a common cause

Why was it important that Kuwait NOT be invaded by Iraq? Kuwait Produced over 10% of the worlds oil. We (USA) did not want Hussein (Iraq) to have more money so he could build up a stronger military.

Limited Iraq’s oil sales sanction- limitations for breaking a rule What sanctions did the United nations place on Iraq after the first Persian gulf war? Limited Iraq’s oil sales sanction- limitations for breaking a rule

What two reasons caused the United states to be involved in the middle east? Oil Fight terrorism

Describe the second Persian gulf war Who- Iraq, USA, Britain What- USA invades/bombs iraq When -2003 Where- usa/britain invades/bombs iraq Why- get saddam hussein out of power, find weapons of mass distruction How- hussein captured, tried and sentenced to death for war crimes

Weapons of mass destruction (biological, chemical or nuclear weapons) Wmd’s are… Weapons of mass destruction (biological, chemical or nuclear weapons)

Describe the Afghanistan war Who- Afghanistan (Taliban), al Qaeda, US, Britain, Pakistan & others What- US invaded Afghanistan When -2001 Where- us bombs and send troops along with other allies to fight aginst the taliban in afghanistan Why- to retaliate for 9/11, capture osama bin laden (leader of al-qaeda) How- war is technically over but we are still in Afghanistan to help establish an Afghani government

Who did the US Support during the civil war in Afghanistan during the 1980’s? The mujahideen (Muslim rebels who fought against the soviets using guerilla warfare tactics)

Who are the Taliban? Who are Al-Qaeda? Who leads each group? Osama bin laden Disrupt the western world’s economy and lifestyle Taliban Ruled Afghanistan from 1996-2001 Group of militant Sunni Muslims

What is the relationship between the ottoman empire and World War I? As a result of world War I, the French and British partitioned the middle east based on natural resources. They (British and French) ignored ethnic and religious ties that people had to their land Partition: to break apart

The remains of the ottoman empire are now a modern day country The remains of the ottoman empire are now a modern day country. What is that country? Turkey!

Why is the Sykes-Picot agreement significant? Britain and France partitioned the ottoman empire/middle east Ignored ethnic groups Ignored religious groups Divided based on natural resources Causes issues between groups who did not traditionally get along being put together