Development

Development is… Process of successive (positive) changes in a society as it seeks to meet the needs of its people. Culturally relative process; definition of needs varies from society to society.

Development vs. Growth Development: long-term, structural change in a society Growth: short-term, positive and negative changes in a society

Internal Differences in Development

Development Classifications Developed vs. Underdeveloped [1] Developed, Moderately Developed, Less Developed, Least Developed [2] The Four Worlds [3] First: industrialized, free-market, capitalist nations Second: centrally-planned (communist bloc) economies Third: Historically meant all other countries; Today associated more with emerging economies (less developed) Fourth: UN recognized “least developed” states

Development Classifications (cont’d) Global North and South Line: Brandt Line [4] Broad, and not wholly accurate, generalization to emphasize the distinctions between the rich, advanced, developed countries of the northern hemisphere and the rest of the world. Placed all of Europe, North America, Australia, Japan, New Zealand and the former USSR as the North.

The Brandt Line

Levels of Development [5] Least Developed Countries Developing Countries Industrialized, Developed Countries (MDCs) LDCs

Three Tier Structure [6] Core Processes that incorporate higher levels of education, higher salaries, and more technology * Generate more wealth in the world economy Periphery Processes that incorporate lower levels of education, lower salaries, and less technology * Generate less wealth in the world economy Semi-periphery Places where core and periphery processes are both occurring. Places that are exploited by the core but then exploit the periphery. * Serves as a buffer between core and periphery

World Bank Classification [7] Based on income Low income Middle income High income