Anatomy & Physiology EQ: What are the different directional terms, planes, and body Cavities?

Anatomical Position In the anatomical position, the body is upright, directly facing the observer, feet flat and directed forward. The upper limbs are at the body’s sides with the palms facing forward.

Prone Position Supine Position Anatomical position faced down. Anatomical position faced up.

Body Cavities

Directional Terms

Deep vs Superficial

Skeletal System (Cont.) EQ: What is the purpose of the Skeletal System and What are the bones of the skull & pelvic Girdle?

The Skeletal System Parts of the skeletal system include: Bones (skeleton) Joints (area where two bones meet) Cartilages (a resilient and smooth elastic tissue, rubber-like padding that covers and protects the ends of long bones at the joints) Ligaments (a short band of tough, flexible, fibrous connective tissue that connects two bones or cartilages or holds together a joint) Divided into two divisions: Axial skeleton (skull, ribs and vertebra) Appendicular skeleton (pelvis, extremities)

Functions of Bones Support of the body Protection of soft organs Movement due to attached skeletal muscles Storage of minerals and fats Blood cell formation

Bones of the Human Body The adult skeleton has 206 bones However, we are born with 300 bones

Classification of Bones on the Basis of Shape Figure 5.1

Classification of Bones Long bones Typically longer than wide Have a shaft with heads at both ends Contain mostly compact bone Examples: Femur, humerus Short bones Generally cube-shape Contain mostly spongy bone Examples: Carpals, tarsals

Classification of Bones Flat bones Thin and flattened, usually curved Thin layers of compact bone around a layer of spongy bone Examples: Skull, ribs, sternum Irregular bones Irregular in shape Do not fit into other bone classification categories Example: Vertebrae and hip

Moving on to Medical Terminology

Bones of the Human Body Extremities (limbs) are the parts of the body farthest from the center of the body. When referring to any extremities, use the word root acr/o When referring to bones use the word root oste/o When referring to joints use the word root arthr/o

The Skull

Bones of the Skull

Human Skull, Superior View

Human Skull, Inferior View

The Hyoid Bone The only bone that does not articulate with another bone Serves as a moveable base for the tongue

The Pelvis Pelvic Girdle

The Pelvis: Right Coxal Bone