1. Bones Notes

2. Skeletal System Bones (skeleton) The skeleton has 206 bones Joints
Cartilage
ligaments

3. Divided into two divisions
Axial skeleton – bones of face & skull, vertebrae, sternum, ribs, sacrum
Appendicular skeleton – bones of pectoral & pelvic girdle, extremities (arms & legs), bones of hands and feet

5. FUNCTION Support of the body Protection of soft organs
Movement due to attached skeletal muscles
Storage of minerals and fats
Blood cell formation (hematopoiesis)

6. Classification of Bone
Long bones
Typically longer than wide
Have a shaft with heads at both ends
Examples: Femur, humerus, radius, ulna, metatarsal, metacarpals

7. Short bones
Generally cube-shape
Examples: carpals, tarsals, patella, calcaneus

8. Flat bones
Thin and flattened
Usually curved
Examples: Skull bones (frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital), mandible, ribs, sternum

9. Irregular bones
Irregular shape or does not fit into other categories
Example: Vertebrae and hip

11. Bone Markings Surface features of bones
Sites of attachments for muscles, tendons, and ligaments
Passages for nerves and blood vessels

12. Categories of bone markings
Projections and processes – grow out from the bone surface
Tuberosity – large round projections
Tubercle – small, round projections or processes
Head – bony expansion carried on narrow neck

13. Trochanter – very large, irregular shaped process
Ramus – armlike bar of bone
Condyle – round articular projection
Spine – sharp, slender, pointed projection

14. Crest – narrow ridge of bone’

15. Depressions or cavities – indentations
Meatus – canal-like passageway
Sinus – cavity within a bone filled with air lined with mucus membrane

16. Fossa – shallow, basin-like depression
Fissure – narrow slit-like opening
Foramen – round or oval opening through bone

17. Bone Development