1. Seriously Skeletal System

2. System Anatomy Bones – 206 (axial and appendicular)
Joints - articulations
Cartilage – connective tissue
Ligaments – connect bone to bone

3. System Physiology Support body and form internal framework
Protect soft body organs (i.e. skull)
Movement – skeletal muscles use bones as levers to move body
Storage – fat, minerals (calcium/phosphorus)
Blood Cell Formation – happens in marrow of certain bones

4. Bone Classification Long Bones – longer than they are wide
i.e. humerus, femur

5. Bone Classification Short Bones – cube shaped containing spongy bone
i.e. bones of wrists and ankles

6. Bone Classification Flat Bones – thin, flattened and usually curved
Skull, ribs, sternum

7. Bone Classification
Irregular Bones – bones that don’t fit in any other category
i.e. vertebrae, hip bones

8. Bone Markings
Projections – sites of muscle, tendon and ligament attachment
Depressions – sites that allow blood vessels and nerves to pass; can be articular surface

9. Projections/Processes (bumps)
Tuberosity: large rounded projection
Crest: Narrow ridge of bone
Spine: Sharp, slender, pointed projection

10. Depressions/Cavities
Meatus: Canal-like passageway
Fossa: Shallow depression in a bone
Foramen: Round or oval opening through bone

11. Long Bone Epiphysis – end of long bones, filled with spongy tissue.
Diaphysis (shaft) – makes up most of the bones length, composed of compact bone.
Periosteum – fibrous connective tissue membrane. It protects the diaphysis.
Cartilage – prevents friction between bones
Spongy bone – small needle-like pieces of bone and lots of openings.

12. Medullary Cavity–storage area for adipose
Yellow marrow – adult – stores fat
Red marrow – infant – makes blood cells
Compact bone – dense and looks smooth and homogeneous.
Ligament – Connect bone to bone

15. Microscopic Bone Anatomy
Osteocyte: mature bone cell
Lacunae: tiny cavity surrounding bone cell
Lamellae: concentric circles
Canaliculi: tiny canals that transport nutrients to each bone cell

16. Microscopic anatomy (cont.)
Central Haversian Canal: carries blood vessels and nerves to all areas of bone
Osteon: Canal + Matrix rings (the whole thing)

19. Articulations Where bones meet
All bones meet with at least one other bone except the hyoid bone, which holds your tongue in place.

20. Types of Articulations A. Fibrous Joints=Synarthroses
Structural- joined by fibrous connective tissue
Functional- What does it do?
Bones are immovable.
Used for protection of internal organs
Examples
Skull Sutures

21. Articulations Continued B. Cartilaginous=amphiarthrosis
Structural – connected by cartilage
Functional
Holds bones together, but they are slightly movable
Examples: between vertebrae; connecting rib to sternum

22. Classification of Articulations C. Synovial=diarthrosis
Structural- filled with synovial fluid
Functional: Makes a freely movable joint.
-Examples
Hinge – elbow
Pivot – between radius/ulna
Ball and socket – shoulder/hip