Middle English Or, “Learning to Speak Chaucer” (the abridged version)

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Presentation transcript:

Middle English Or, “Learning to Speak Chaucer” (the abridged version)

Background: With the Norman invasion, the nobility spoke:French and all others spoke: English Just when you thought the Normans couldn’t get any snobbier, they decided to: Speak Parisian French and not Norman French But, in the 1300s, things were starting to change and English was becoming the predominant language over French.

Background (Cont’d) In 1362: Parliament opened with a speech in English Chaucer’s role:He’s called “the father of English poetry.” Although he knew French and Italian, he began writing in the London dialect of English. William Caxton’s role:He created the printing press, helped to establish standard written English and also used the London dialect

Differences from Modern English Middle English differs from Modern English in three main respects: 1) Long vowel sounds are different 2) Final e’s are pronounced 3) ALL Middle English consonants are sounded

Long Vowels Question: How do I determine if a vowel is long or short? Answer: Vowels are long if they end a word, are doubled, or are followed by a single consonant and a vowel. Vowels are short if they are followed by two consonants.

A Long A sounded like the a in Modern English “father”; maken, maad. Short A pronounced like o in “hot” like cappe A sounds

E Long E sounded like the a in Modern English “name”; be, sweete. Short E pronounced as e in “set” in setten

I (or Y) Long I (or y) sounded like the i in Modern English “machine”; lif, white, myn Short I pronounced a i in “wit”; wit I Sound

O Long O sounded like the o in Modern English “note”; do, soone Short O pronounced like o in “oft”; pot O Sound

U Long u (spelled ou or ow) is sounded like the oo in the Modern English “goose”; house, flowr U Sound

Final E The final e sounds like the a in “sofa” to provide an extra unstressed syllable. Although now most of our final e’s are silent (like tale), there are some instances when we do still pronounce it. Wanted Dishes The final e is not pronounced if followed by an H, a W, or another vowel

Two Oddities Odd plurals: 2) Contractions: Today we have a couple of odd plurals, like oxen, children, and brethren. Chaucer had many (ashen= ashes; been=bees; eyen=eyes; toon=toes; hosen=hose) 2) Contractions: Contractions today are added onto the end “’nt” but then they were added to the beginning with an n (like we have never for not ever). Guess the following: Nam= Nis= Nath= Nil=

Follow Along with your “Pronunciation Help” Sheet English Timeline