Characteristics of Waves

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Presentation transcript:

Characteristics of Waves

Waves at a Boundary The speed of a wave depends on the medium that the wave is travelling through When a wave travels from one medium to another; some energy is transferred to the new medium, while some energy is reflected back

Waves at a Boundary The TRANSMITTED wave is ALWAYS UPRIGHT The REFLECTED wave can be upright or inverted

Waves at boundary rules! When the pulse travels from a less dense medium to a more dense medium, the reflected pulse is upside down and The velocity of the wave and its wavelength decrease (think of the universal wave equation)

Waves at boundary rules! When the pulse travels from a more dense medium to a less dense medium, the reflected pulse is upright The velocity of the wave and its wavelength increase.

Diffraction Diffraction is the spreading out of waves as they pass through a small opening or go around obstacles

Diffraction The amount of diffraction (bending of the wave) is dependant on the size of the opening and the wavelength of the wave: The smaller the opening, the greater the diffraction The longer the wavelength, the greater the diffraction

Interference of Waves The Principle of Superposition: When there are two wave sources in a medium, the two waves combine to form a resultant wave that is the algebraic sum of the two waves This “sum” of the waves will produce interference patterns

Types of Interference Constructive Interference: Destructive Interference: When a crest meets a crest, their energies combine (also when a trough meets a trough) When a crest and trough meet, their energies cancel out

Interference Patterns with Diffraction The crest and trough pass through each other, only having an effect where they meet You can observe this interference if you put two point sources in water The pattern you would see is called an interference pattern

Interference and Diffraction

A few definitions… Anti-nodal Lines: where waves meet to form constructive interference (crest and crest or trough and trough) Nodal – Lines: where waves meet to form destructive interference (crest and trough)

Homework p. 166 front & back