PATH TO CONFEDERATION SS 10: MS. PASICHNYK

ADVANTAGES Economic Stability: tariffs removed & trade within colonies would prosper Avoid threat of US expansion/invasion; annexation & Manifest Destiny Bring a much needed railway to unite the colonies=increase trade/defense; transportation

Advantages con’t Strong Central Government/Improved Government: more efficient and better structure (no more Double Majority and Political Deadlock) Overall Stronger Military Support population expansion/growth

Disadvantages Cost to build the railway People outside of central Canada like the Maritime Provinces of PEI, NS, NB and Newfoundland felt like outsiders and were concerned about their minority status and being ruled by a Central Government Overall: did not see the benefits yet

GREAT COALITION When Macdonald & Brown & Cartier chose to work together (not against each other towards a common goal of uniting BNA)

3 Conferences 1. CHARLOTTETOWN CONFERENCE (1864) 2. QUEBEC CONFERENCE (1864) 3. LONDON CONFERENCE (1866) 3 Conferences The Confederation of Canada was decided in three separate conferences

Charlottetown Conference September, 1864 Originally held to discuss union of Maritime Colonies, but… Macdonald, Brown, Cartier & Alexander Galt attended to propose a uniting of all the countries and one central government Charlottetown Conference

Confederation House: Charlottetown August, 2009 Ms. Pasichnyk

Actual meeting room of the Charlottetown Conference August, 2009 Ms. Pasichnyk

Main topics discussed Points in favour of a union Possible financial arrangements What a united government might look like

Foundations for the new country Preserve the ties with Great Britain Responsible government at ALL three levels of government Appointment of a governor general by the British Crown It was decided that the conference warranted further discussion-Quebec Conference

Quebec Conference: October, 1864 Attendees: Province of Canada, NB, NS, PEI & Newfoundland Macdonald led the talks 2nd big meeting towards Confederation Resulted in the “72 Resolutions” (sometimes called the blueprint/plan) which was the basis for how Canada would be governed and the basic framework for Canada’s Constitution

London Conference (Westminster conference) December 1866 Purpose: To gain British Approval for the Confederation of Canada Results: Name decided: “Dominion of Canada” Prime Minister: John A. Macdonald London Conference (Westminster conference)

BRITISH NORTH AMERICA ACT (BNA) *The passing of the BNA act resulted in the Dominion of Canada. *It was celebrated on July 1st, 1867 The 1st four provinces to join were: Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick & Nova Scotia BRITISH NORTH AMERICA ACT (BNA)

Let’s look at the 1st flag again. Which crest belongs to which province?

Building of a nation 1867: Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia 1870: Manitoba, NWT 1871: British Columbia 1873: Prince Edward Island 1898: Yukon 1905: Alberta & Saskatchewan 1949: Newfoundland (NFLD & Labrador 2001) 1999: Nunavut

Sites used http://edition.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/europe/08/16/submarine.LR5/map.england.london.jpg accessed 10/31/10 http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_gvrQQXQNrjM/TC4cuaJNiMI/AAAAAAAACMI/KknaAGTzwnQ/s1600/old+canadian+flag.png accessed 10/31/10 http://www.interactiveusa.com/Portals/0/people%20working%20together.jpg accessed 10/31/10 http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ryFgPiFONVA/TCSqzgBe1XI/AAAAAAAAAL8/iXC6RwzGx84/s1600/fireworks1.jpg accessed 10/31/10