Amino Acids and Proteins

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Concept 5.4: Proteins have many structures, resulting in a wide range of functions.

Advertisements

Organic Nutrients: The Building Blocks of Life 1. Carbohydrates 2.Lipids 3.Proteins 4.Nucleic Acids.

Proteins & Nucleic Acids Images taken without permission from

Biology 107 Macromolecules II September 9, Macromolecules II Student Objectives:As a result of this lecture and the assigned reading, you should.

Polypeptides – a quick review A protein is a polymer consisting of several amino acids (a polypeptide) Each protein has a unique 3-D shape or Conformation.

Biology 107 Macromolecules II September 8, 2003.

1. Primary Structure: Polypeptide chain Polypeptide chain Amino acid monomers Peptide linkages Figure 3.6 The Four Levels of Protein Structure.

You Must Know How the sequence and subcomponents of proteins determine their properties. The cellular functions of proteins. (Brief – we will come back.

Daily Starter  Explain how a peptide bond is formed. (What is the reaction called and how does it happen?)

Doris Lee Even Zheng Joanna Tang Kiki Jang Rachel Zhang Vincent Ma.

Biomolecules: Nucleic Acids and Proteins

Diverse Macromolecules. V. proteins are macromolecules that are polymers formed from amino acids monomers A. proteins have great structural diversity.

Review of Biological Chemistry. Biologically Important Elements.

Regents Biology Proteins Regents Biology Proteins: Multipurpose molecules.

AP Biology Proteins. AP Biology Proteins  Most structurally & functionally diverse group of biomolecules  Function:  involved in almost everything.

AP Biology Proteins Multipurpose molecules Proteins Most structurally & functionally diverse group Function: involved in almost everything – enzymes.

7.4/14.1 PROTEINS. Protein’s have 4 levels of Structure: 1. Primary Structure = the order of amino acids that make up the polypeptide; amino acids are.

Molecules of Life II CHAPTER 3 Proteins Amino Acid Monomers Polypeptide (protein) Polymers Levels of Protein Structure Importance of Structure to Function.

PROTEINS. Learning Outcomes: B4 - describe the chemical structure of proteins List functions of proteins Draw and describe the structure of an amino acid.

AP Biology Proteins Multipurpose molecules.

Proteins!. Proteins Proteins account for more than 50% of the dry mass of most cells Monomer: amino acids 20 amino acids used in cells Central carbon.

AP Biology Proteins. AP Biology Proteins  Most structurally & functionally diverse group of biomolecules  Function:  involved in.

Chapter 20 and GHW#10 Questions Proteins. Naturally occurring bioorganic polyamide polymers containing a sequence of various combinations of 20 amino.

Macromolecules Part 3 Proteins. Proteins! Functions of Proteins – Structural support – Storage – Transport – Cellular communications – Movement – Defense.

Proteins Pgs Pgs Allosteric Enzymes  Allosteric enzymes have 2 sites. Active site of the enzyme Additional site where another substance.

AP Biology Proteins AP Biology Proteins Multipurpose molecules.

PROTEIN FUNCTIONS. PROTEIN FUNCTIONS (continued)

Chapter 3 Proteins.

Amino Acids & Proteins The Molecules in Cells Ch 3.

Protein- Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary Structure.

1 Proteins Proteins are polymers made of monomers called amino acids All proteins are made of 20 different amino acids linked in different orders Proteins.

Protein Structure  The structure of proteins can be described at 4 levels – primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary.  Primary structure  The sequence.

Protein Structure. Insulin Infinite variety The number of possible sequences is infinite An average protein has 300 amino acids, At each position there.

AP Biology Proteins AP Biology Proteins Multipurpose molecules.

PROTEINS L3 BIOLOGY. FACTS ABOUT PROTEINS: Contain the elements Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and NITROGEN Polymer is formed using 20 different amino acids.

Proteins l Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen (and sometimes sulfur) l Arranged from only 20 amino acids!!! (like the alphabet)

Four Levels of Protein Structure

Functions Enzymes – organic catalysts Structural – skin, hair, muscle Antibodies Hormones.

Organic Compounds (Cont.) Proteins and Nucleic Acids 05_02Polymers_A.swf 05_05Disaccharides_A.swf 05_07Polysaccharides_A.swf 05_11Fats_A.swf.

Proteins Proteins are the building materials for the body.

Protein Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form in a biologically functional.

Chapter 5 Proteins.

Protein Proteins are found throughout living organisms.

PROTEINS and ENZYMES!.

Organic Compounds: Proteins

3.11 Proteins are essential to the structures and activities of life

Proteins – V2.

Proteins clockwise: Rubisco — most important protein on the planet?

Proteins Section 3.4.

Good Morning! No bell ringer this morning.

Proteins Made of amino acids in a specific sequence attached by peptide bonds. Consist primarily of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, but may include.

Macromolecules.

Macromolecules Part 2 Unit 1 Chapter 5.

PROTEINS and ENZYMES!.

Diverse Macromolecules

Protein Structure Chapter 14.

copyright cmassengale

Organic Compounds (Cont.) Proteins and Nucleic Acids

PROTEINS, The Stuff of Life.

Daily Science In forming a protein, why is it important that every amino acid has the same structure of a carboxyl group on one side and amino group on.

Four Levels of Protein Structure

2.4 - Proteins.

Presentation transcript:

Amino Acids and Proteins Bonnie Ownley Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology The University of Tennessee, Knoxville

Amino Acids Defined - Molecular subunits that make up proteins Proteins are composed of some combination of 20 naturally occurring amino acids

Amino Acids Chemical components Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Sulfur (only two amino acids have this element)

Amino Acids General structure (except proline) Alpha carbon (C) Hydrogen (H) bonded to alpha carbon Carboxyl group (-COOH) Amino group (+NH3) R-group (side chain that makes each amino acid unique)

E. Generalic, http://glossary.periodni.com/glossary.php?en=alanine Alanine E. Generalic, http://glossary.periodni.com/glossary.php?en=alanine

E. Generalic, http://glossary.periodni.com/glossary.php?en=lysine Lysine E. Generalic, http://glossary.periodni.com/glossary.php?en=lysine

Proline http://www.fastbleep.com/biology-notes/40/116/1160

R-side chain and properties of amino acids Hydrophobic Hydrophilic Basic Acidic http://xray.bmc.uu.se/Courses/bioinformatik2003/Intro/aminoacids.gif

Amino Acids Properties of amino acids help determine properties of the proteins made from them

Proteins Biological polymers that perform most of the cell’s day-to-day functions

Proteins Composed of linear chains of amino acids (polypeptide) folded into complex 3-D shapes Some proteins are made of more than one polypeptide chain

Functions of Proteins Toxins Enzymes Antibiotics Structural Transport Regulatory Storage elements Hormones (animals)

Protein Structure The primary structure consists of the specific amino acid sequence. The resulting peptide chain can twist into an α-helix, which is one type of secondary structure. This helical segment is incorporated into the tertiary structure of the folded polypeptide chain. The single polypeptide chain is a subunit that constitutes the quaternary structure of a protein, such as hemoglobin that has four polypeptide chains.

Secondary structure – Beta-pleated sheet Protein Structure Secondary structure – Beta-pleated sheet The primary structure consists of the specific amino acid sequence. The resulting peptide chain can twist into an α-helix, which is one type of secondary structure. This helical segment is incorporated into the tertiary structure of the folded polypeptide chain. The single polypeptide chain is a subunit that constitutes the quaternary structure of a protein, such as hemoglobin that has four polypeptide chains.