Chapter 2: Layers of Tradition: Culture Regions at Different Scales Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 2: Layers of Tradition: Culture Regions at Different Scales What Is Culture? A people’s way of life Their behavior A shared understanding of themselves A shared understanding of the world A guide for how people act and interpret the world How would you describe your culture in terms these descriptions? © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 2: Layers of Tradition: Culture Regions at Different Scales Formal Functional What are examples of each of these regions at the scale of your county or urban area? Three Types of Regions Figure 2.1 Perceptual © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 2: Layers of Tradition: Culture Regions at Different Scales What formal, functional, and perceptual regions do we live in? Formal Functional Perceptual Local scale National International © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 2: Layers of Tradition: Culture Regions at Different Scales Formal, functional, or perceptual ? Formal Functional Perceptual Park space usage Classroom seating Pizza delivery areas Distributor-store linkages What type of region do each of these represent? Think about how the region is delimited before you answer. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 2: Layers of Tradition: Culture Regions at Different Scales Vernacular Regions Figure 2.2 What was the basis for defining these regions discussed in the textbook? How does this categorization make sense for where you live? Places you have visited? © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 2: Layers of Tradition: Culture Regions at Different Scales Cultural Landscapes Symbols in the cultural landscape creating regional identity Figure 2.3 What place-based symbols are used in your region? © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 2: Layers of Tradition: Culture Regions at Different Scales Defining Cultural Regions Core / Domain / Sphere of a Culture Region Core Domain Sphere Figure 2.4 © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 2: Layers of Tradition: Culture Regions at Different Scales Distinct Culture A New Hybrid Trait Distinct Culture B Syncretism Give an example of a hybrid cultural trait. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 2: Layers of Tradition: Culture Regions at Different Scales Name That Key Term © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 2: Layers of Tradition: Culture Regions at Different Scales Region Functional Region Formal Region Perceptual Region Regional Identity An area characterized by similarity or by cohesiveness that sets it apart from other areas. A region created by the interactions between a central node and surrounding locations. An area of near uniformity (homogeneity) in one or several characteristics. An area defined by subjective perceptions that reflect the feelings and images about key place characteristics. When these perceptions come from the local, ordinary folk, a __________ ______ can be called a vernacular region. An awareness of being a part of a group of people living in a culture region. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 2: Layers of Tradition: Culture Regions at Different Scales The shared understandings that guide behavior and values and condition a group’s perception of the world. _______ is learned from one generation to the next and evolves over time. Modifications to the environment by humans, including the built environment and agricultural systems that reflect aspects of their culture. A defining characteristic of the culture that is shared by most, if not all, members. A region defined by similar culture traits and cultural landscape features. A material object that represents some greater meaning or refers to something else. Culture Cultural Landscape Culture trait Culture region Symbol © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 2: Layers of Tradition: Culture Regions at Different Scales The zone of greatest concentration or homogeneity of the culture traits that characterize a region. The area outside of the core of a culture region in which the culture is still dominant but less intense. The zone of outer influence for a culture region. The fusion of two distinctive cultural traits into a unique new hybrid trait. The traditional symbiotic relationship among villages, cities, and nomadic tribes in the Middle East, in which villages grow irrigated crops, cities provide the central mosque and bazaar, and tribes herd livestock and provide transportation and protection. Core Domain Sphere Syncretism Ecological Trilogy © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 2: Layers of Tradition: Culture Regions at Different Scales Did You Win? © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 2: Layers of Tradition: Culture Regions at Different Scales Case Study © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 2: Layers of Tradition: Culture Regions at Different Scales After completing this chapter, you will be able to: Evaluate map layers using a geographic information system (GIS). Define the core of a culture region on the basis of its main cultural traits. Define the domain of a culture region based on the degree of agreement between culture trait boundaries. Discuss the history and geography of the Middle East and/or American Southwest. Identify the cultural traits that make your subregion distinctive versus those that are shared with the entire North American culture region. Recognize symbolism as it is used to promote regional identity. Recognize that regional imagery often promotes one group’s identity while excluding that of others. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 2: Layers of Tradition: Culture Regions at Different Scales Activity 1: The Middle East Media stereotypes and perceptions Terrorism and U.S. armed intervention Fertile Crescent and empires Judaism and Islam Ecological trilogy Natural landscapes Colonialism © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 2: Layers of Tradition: Culture Regions at Different Scales Osama bin Laden Figure 2.6 © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 2: Layers of Tradition: Culture Regions at Different Scales The Fertile Crescent Figure 2.7 © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 2: Layers of Tradition: Culture Regions at Different Scales Figures 2.5, 2.8–2.11 © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 2: Layers of Tradition: Culture Regions at Different Scales Activity 1: The American Southwest Vegetation and climate Topography and physiographic provinces The economy Three cultures Native American Hispanic Anglo-American © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 2: Layers of Tradition: Culture Regions at Different Scales Physiographic Regions of the American Southwest Figure 2.13 © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 2: Layers of Tradition: Culture Regions at Different Scales Figures 2.12, 2.14–2.16 © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 2: Layers of Tradition: Culture Regions at Different Scales Activity 2.1: Mapping Culture Regions: The American Southwest © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 2: Layers of Tradition: Culture Regions at Different Scales Activity 2.1: Mapping Culture Regions: The Middle East © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 2: Layers of Tradition: Culture Regions at Different Scales NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR: Although it is recommended that you let students define the confines of their culture region, if you would like to predefine one, drag and resize the circle on this slide located off-screen to the lower right. If you want to define a region in class, right-click during this slide and then choose "Pointer Options" > "Pen." (In the latter case, the change on the slide is a temporary one and will not be saved.) Culture Traits of Your Culture Subregion © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 2: Layers of Tradition: Culture Regions at Different Scales Colloquialisms and Vernacular Phrases that Vary by Region Are you in the coke, soda, pop, or mixed region? © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 2: Layers of Tradition: Culture Regions at Different Scales Activity 3: Regional Imagery Many regions have symbolic landscapes that bind people together with a shared set of ideas and memories. They create a regional identity and represent human attachment to place. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 2: Layers of Tradition: Culture Regions at Different Scales Activity 3: Regional Imagery Many cities and regions preserve historic landscapes or seek to construct a new landscape that is different from anywhere else in order to attract tourism, jobs, and promote consumption. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.