Climate change and our responsibilities

Prof. Dr. Asghari Bano Dean Faculty Of Biological Sciences, CHAIRPERSON DEPARTMENT OF PLANT SCIENCES QAU, Islamabad Dr. Muhammad Mubeen Assistant professor, department of Plant Sciences

CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIO Temperature of the globe is predicted to rise by 30C by 2040 and up to 5-60C by the end of the century. Monsoon rains will occur at higher intensity but the frequency of occurrence will be reduced (IUCN 2009). Effects of rising temperature will increase transpiration rate resulting in decline of soil moisture. The CO2 concentration will increase. Carbon dioxide is an important greenhouse gas.

It is the rate of change that is of current concern to scientist. Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are critical to many aspects of plant, herbivore, and microbial metabolism. Interactions involving C and N that might influence the global C cycle are of great importance to atmosphere-biosphere interactions, and thus to human society.

Changing Trends Increasing concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere Pre-industrial revolution (1789) 280 ppm Present (2004) 380 ppm Expected level (2050) 550 ppm Rising surface temperatures Global Av. Temp. rise (20th century) 0.6 °C Projections for 2100 1.4 to 5.8 °C Changing rainfall patterns (IPCC 2001)

Per capita Fresh water availability

What we can do?

Adaptation and mitigation strategies Development of heat and drought tolerant crop varieties by conventional breeding methods and biotechnology techniques. Breeding of crop varieties with relatively deep root systems. Adoption of strict demand management and efficiency improvement measures in all water-use sectors, principally in the supply, distribution and use of irrigation water; reuse of marginal quality irrigation effluent.

Local rain harvesting and building of surface and sub-surface storages for agriculture and other local needs. Facilities need to be provided to the farmers such as free connection of electricity and flat rate charges so that enough groundwater may become available to leach the salts out of the poor root zone.

strategies for improving the crop tolerance against stresses Molecular Physiological and Biochemical Agrochemicals Stress Tolerant microbes GM-Crops Stress tolerant genes

Use of crop growth modeling in mitigating Climate change impacts

Experiment Cultivars H1 = Monsanto-919 H2 = Pioneer-30Y87 Irrigation Schedules I1 = nil irrigation (control) I2 = 4 irrigations (1st at 6 LS i.e. leaf stage, 2nd at 10 LS, 3rd at 14 LS, 4th at 18 LS) I3 = 6 irrigations (1st at 6 LS, 2nd at 10 LS, 3rd at 14 LS, 4th at 18 LS, 5th at silking, 6th at blister) I4 = 8 irrigations (1st at 6 LS, 2nd at 10 LS, 3rd at 14 LS, 4th at 18 LS, 5th at silking, 6th at blister, 7th at milking, 8th at dough) I5 = 10 irrigations (1st at 6 LS, 2nd at 10 LS, 3rd at 14 LS, 4th at 18 LS, 5th at silking, 6th at blister, 7th at milking, 8th at dough, 9th at denting and 10th at physiological maturity) I6 = irrigation at 25 mm potential soil moisture deficit I7 = irrigation at 50 mm potential soil moisture deficit

Dissemination of the concept in Pakistan

LAMINAR FLOW FOR DISINFECTION Presented By: Kubra Batool Farah Amir

LAMINAR FLOW FOR DISINFECTION Presented By: Kubra Batool Farah Amir

LAMINAR FLOW FOR DISINFECTION Presented By: Kubra Batool Farah Amir

LAMINAR FLOW FOR DISINFECTION Presented By: Kubra Batool Farah Amir

Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad Some facts about Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad

Any question……….?