Sequential Logic Counters and Registers

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Sequential Logic Counters and Registers Introduction: Counters Asynchronous (Ripple) Counters Synchronous (Parallel) Counters CS1104-13 Lecture 13: Sequential Logic: Counters and Registers

Sequential Logic Counters and Registers Introduction: Registers Simple Registers Registers with Parallel Load Using Registers to implement Sequential Circuits Shift Registers Serial In/Serial Out Shift Registers Serial In/Parallel Out Shift Registers Parallel In/Serial Out Shift Registers Parallel In/Parallel Out Shift Registers CS1104-13 Lecture 13: Sequential Logic: Counters and Registers

Introduction: Counters Counters are circuits that cycle through a specified number of states. Two types of counters: synchronous (parallel) counters asynchronous (ripple) counters Ripple counters allow some flip-flop outputs to be used as a source of clock for other flip-flops. Synchronous counters apply the same clock to all flip-flops. CS1104-13 Introduction: Counters

CS1103

CS1103

Asynchronous (Ripple) Counters Asynchronous counters: the flip-flops do not change states at exactly the same time as they do not have a common clock pulse. Also known as ripple counters, as the input clock pulse “ripples” through the counter – cumulative delay is a drawback. n flip-flops  a MOD (modulus) 2n counter. (Note: A MOD-x counter cycles through x states.) Output of the last flip-flop (MSB) divides the input clock frequency by the MOD number of the counter, hence a counter is also a frequency divider. CS1104-13 Asynchronous (Ripple) Counters

Asynchronous (Ripple) Counters Example: 2-bit ripple binary counter. Output of one flip-flop is connected to the clock input of the next more-significant flip-flop. K J HIGH Q0 Q1 FF1 FF0 CLK C 4 3 2 1 CLK Q0 Q1 Timing diagram 00  01  10  11  00 ... CS1104-13 Asynchronous (Ripple) Counters

Asynchronous (Ripple) Counters Example: 3-bit ripple binary counter. K J Q0 Q1 FF1 FF0 C FF2 Q2 CLK HIGH 4 3 2 1 CLK Q0 Q1 8 7 6 5 Q2 Recycles back to 0 CS1104-13 Asynchronous (Ripple) Counters

Asynchronous (Ripple) Counters Example: 4-bit ripple binary counter (negative-edge triggered). K J Q1 Q0 FF1 FF0 C FF2 Q2 CLK HIGH FF3 Q3 CLK 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Q0 Q1 Q2 Q3 CS1104-13 Asynchronous (Ripple) Counters

Synchronous (Parallel) Counters Synchronous (parallel) counters: the flip-flops are clocked at the same time by a common clock pulse. We can design these counters using the sequential logic design process. CS1104-13 Synchronous (Parallel) Counters

CS1103

CS1103

CS1103

CS1103

CS1103

CS1103

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