Progress: Timeline about the history of Canada’s indigenous people By Aïssatou Diallo Terminale L Let’s discover the history of Canada’s indigenous people 

1.First Settlements Back Next 1400 BC. Paleo-Indians are the first people to have settled to the Americas. It is said that they arrived there from Asia, by taking the Beringia land bridge located between eastern Siberia and Alaska around 40,000 to 17,000 years ago. The Paleo-Indians were known to be nomads who lived from fishing, hunting and harvesting. Back Next

2.John Cabot 1497.John Cabot, otherwise known as Giovanni Cabot, was an Italian navigator and a venetian explorer. A few years after Christopher Columbus, in 1497, he discovered some parts of North America (apparently including the territory of Labrador) under the orders of Henry VII, king of England at the time. Back Next

3.Quebec 1608. Quebec, now known as the province of Canada and the main metropolis of Montreal, was founded the 3rd of July 1608 by Samuel de Champlain, who was financially supported by Henry IV, king of France at the time. After that, Quebec was made as New France’s capital. In 1616, it became the first permanent establishment of the French West Indies which allowed the first French settlers to arrive and start trade with Indigenous people. Next Back

4.Residential School Back Next Starts in 1820. Residential Schools were created around the 1820’s and were destined to the indigenous people of Canada. These type of schools were of the number of 6 in Quebec and were made to evangelize , assimilate and teach subjects to indigenous children. Back Next

5.Indian Act 1876. The Indian Act applied in 1876 is the principal Canadian law concerning registered Indians and their system of reserves. Since its approbation, the law has been receiving a lot of critics and is at the center of controversial debates. In fact, the Indian Act strongly limits the rights of indigenous people and the recognition of Indian identity. For example, Indian women are sometimes discriminated when they marry an Indian man who has not been given the “Indian status” Back Next

6.Indian reserve Back Next Starts in 1876. Indian reserves are territories which are put aside for First Nations people to live there. In Canada, the term “Indian reserve” refers to a territory defined by a part of the Indian Act: “His Majesty has reservations about the use and benefit of the respective bands for which they were set aside”. On Indian reserves, populations are highly affected by obesity, diabetes, and the fetal alcohol syndrome. Back Next

7.Right to vote 1960. In Canada, First Nations were granted the right to vote starting from the 1st of July 1960 although Quebec only accepted this new rule in 1969. Back Next

8.Bill C-31 1985. The Bill C-31 passed in April 1985 to amend the Indian Act. For example, it proposed changes regarding the Indian status and band membership in order to lower gender discrimination, to permit band members to control their companies, and restore “Indian status” to those who did not acquire it. Back Next

9.Nunavut Nunavut is a federal territory in the North of Canada surrounded by the North-West territories and Manitoba. Nunavut has been separated from the North-West territories the 1st of April 1999 by the Nunavut Act and the Law concerning the territorial claims of Nunavut. Inuit populations are the main ones inhabiting the Nunavut. Back Next

10.Formal apology and Stephen Harper On June 11th 2008, the ex-Prime Minister of Canada Stephen Harper expressed an apology to students of Indian Residential Schools. In fact he apologized because of the way Indian children ( over 150,000) were badly treated by being separated from their families and homes. Back Next

11. Justin Trudeau Back Next Justin Trudeau was born in 1971 and is the present Prime Minister of Canada (since the 4th of November 2015). He is currently planning to renew relationships between the Canadian government and Indigenous people. In his plan, he has included “a national inquiry into missing and murdered indigenous women”. Back Next

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https://www. google. ca/search https://www.google.ca/search?q=right+to+vote+indigenous+people&rlz=1C1VEAD_enCA424&espv=2&biw=800&bih=485&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiOtvzp5ojPAhXMdT4KHeYGA1cQ_AUICCgB#imgrc=75I_fuFEC6c7DM%3A https://www.google.ca/search?q=Nunavut&biw=800&bih=485&espv=2&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiThs7g6YjPAhUEyT4KHRsQCCsQ_AUIBigB#tbm=isch&q=nunavut+paysage&imgrc=HDQxCGDf2AGU4M%3A https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1100100015644/1100100015649 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Harper http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/justin-trudeau-afn-indigenous-aboriginal-people-1.3354747 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau