Aim: How to identify types of matter? Do Now: Unit 1: The Atom/Matter Aim: How to identify types of matter? Do Now:

What is an atom? An atom is the fundamental particle of all matter. Everything is made up of atoms. We often draw atoms as circles.

What is an element? An element is made up of one type of atom, like carbon, gold or chlorine The atoms in a particular element are the same as each other, and they are different from the atoms of all other elements. A molecule of an element is formed when atoms of the same element chemically join together. Molecules of the element oxygen (multiple atoms of the same element) Helium atoms (single atoms of an element)

What is a compound? A compound is a substance that contains atoms of two or more different elements chemically joined together. Carbon dioxide (CO2) Carbon dioxide (CO2) Water (H2O)

Compounds vs Elements Compounds can be broken down chemically into smaller substances, elements cannot.

What are mixtures? A mixture is a physical blend of two or more components. Heterogeneous mixtures are a mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout. Oil and vinegar, chicken noodle soup Homogeneous mixtures or solutions are mixtures in which the composition is uniform throughout. oil, vinegar, cup of coffee, salt water

Separating Mixtures: Filtration Used to separate a mixture of undissolved solid from a liquid.

Separating Mixtures: Chromatography Used to separate dissolved substances that have different colors, such as inks and plant dyes

Separating Mixtures: Evaporation Used to separate a soluble (dissolved) solid from a liquid.

Separating Mixtures: Distillation Used to separate a mixture of different liquids based on boiling points.

Mixture Compound Composition Variable composition – you can vary the amount of each substance in a mixture. Definite composition – you cannot vary the amount of each element in a compound. Joined or not The different substances are not chemically joined together. The different elements are chemically joined together. Properties Each substance in the mixture keeps its own properties. The compound has properties different from the elements it contains. Separation Each substance is easily separated from the mixture. It can only be separated into its elements using chemical reactions. Examples Air, sea water, most rocks. Water, carbon dioxide, magnesium oxide, sodium chloride.

An example - iron, sulphur and iron sulphide Iron and sulphur react together when they are heated to make a compound called iron sulphide. What are the differences between a mixture of iron and sulphur, and iron sulphide? Here are some of them: The mixture can contain more or less iron, but iron sulphide always contains a fixed ratio of iron to sulphur. The iron and sulphur atoms are not joined together in the mixture, but they are chemically joined together in iron sulphide. The iron and sulphur still behave like iron and sulphur in the mixture, but iron sulphide has different properties from both iron and sulphur. You can separate the iron from the mixture using a magnet but this does not work for iron sulphide.

Description Example Diagram Pure element Oxygen (O2) Pure compound Carbon dioxide (CO2) Mixture of elements Oxygen (O2) and Helium (He) Mixture of Compounds Alcohol (C2H5OH) and Water (H2O) Mixture of elements and compounds Air (O2, N2, CO2, H2O)

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