מהפכת ה PCR We should amplify targets I want to look up your genes.

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Presentation transcript:

מהפכת ה PCR We should amplify targets I want to look up your genes

(reverse transciptase) Overview of RT-PCR tissue extract RNA copy into cDNA (reverse transciptase) do real-time PCR analyze results

הכנת cDNA

אמפליפיקציה של RNA – התבטאות גנים tissue extract RNA copy into cDNA (reverse transciptase) do quantitative PCR analyze results

מה רע בגל אגרוז? מראה תוצאה סופית של התהליך תוצאות לא מבוטאות במספרים איכותי ולא כמותי

חשיבות הקריאה בשלב האספוננציאלי Traditional PCR הכימות המדויק

ASSAYING COPY NUMBER: REAL-TIME PCR Agarose Gel Area for Real-time PCR detection Traditional PCR detection Problems with traditional end-point detection: Low sensitivity Low resolution Poor precision

Readout SYBR Green I Currently, there are two available chemistries for the 7700/5700. We’ll describe both in brief.

SYBR Green Dye Assay Binds to any double-stranded DNA - Specific product - Non-specific product - Primer dimers

Readout TaqMan Currently, there are two available chemistries for the 7700/5700. We’ll describe both in brief.

DNA Polymerase 5' Exonuclease Activity

Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) In addition to the 5’ nuclease activity, TaqMan utilizes FRET or energy transfer. The 5’ reporter dye has a higher energy than the 3’ quencher dye. When the probe is intact, energy from the 5’ dye is transferred (energy flows down hill) to the 3’ dye. Thus, the intact probe has a low emission from the 5’ dye and high emission from the 3’ dye. When the probe is cleaved, the distance between the two free dyes increases to the extent that the energy transfer cannot occur. Thus, the 5’ dye now has a greater emission than the 3’ dye.

TaqMan בשימוש Real Time PCR Polymerization causes Hydrolysis TaqMan® Probe Forward Primer R Q 5’ 3’ 5’ 5’ 3’ 5’ Reverse Primer

TaqMan בשימוש Real Time PCR 5’ 3’ 5’ 3’ 5’ 5’

Amplification Plot – Standard Curve מיהולים כפולים http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QVeVIM1yRMU&feature=related

(reverse transciptase) Overview of RT-PCR tissue extract RNA copy into cDNA (reverse transciptase) do real-time PCR analyze results

חשיבות הפריימרים ספציפיות יעילות ללא primer-dimers לא נותן סיגנל שמקורו ב DNA cross exon/exon boundary

פרימרים המבדילים בין DNA ל mRNA EXON 1 INTRON 2 EXON 2 DNA EXON 1 EXON 2 mRNA EXON 1 EXON 2 mRNA

ביקורות ל RT-PCR איכות הדגימה – Reference mRNA התבטאות (שווה בתאים שונים) גודל (דומה ל mRNA הנבדק) mRNA ולא DNA בלי Alternative Splicing באזור הפריימרים

מניעת התחלה מוקדמת של פעילות בטמפרטורה נמוכה Hot Start PCR מניעת התחלה מוקדמת של פעילות בטמפרטורה נמוכה

Taq automatic hot start Temperature Cycling PCR Assembly Initial Template Denaturation 94oC, 30s - 3 min Inactive Taq DNA Polymerase Fully Active Taq DNA Polymerase

Hot start PCR