Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Linux and OS/390 USS: Where, When, Why? NCACMG Reston, VA February 13, 2002

2 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Linux and OS/390 USS: Where, When, Why? Robert H. (Bob) Johnson (cell)

3 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Permission Copyright 2001, 2002 Robert H. (Bob) Johnson. Permission is granted to attendees to make copies of this material for their publications and for attendees one-time usage. All other rights reserved.

4 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Copyrights MVS Concepts and Facilities (ISBN , Spanish translation = , McGraw-Hill Madrid) is copyright 1989 Robert H. Johnson Jr. DASD IBM's Direct Access Storage Devices (ISBN copyright 1992 Robert H & R. Daniel Johnson). UNIX as a Second Language (ISBN ) is copyrighted 1995, 2001 by Robert H. Johnson. All other products and brand names mentioned are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. Contents may settle during shipment. Your mileage may vary. Warning, contents under pressure.

5 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Disclaimer The information contained in this presentation is distributed on an as-is basis without any warranty either express or implied. The use of this information or the implementation of any of these techniques is the reader's responsibility. Neither the authors nor this conference is responsible in any way for the reader's application of this information.

6 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Disclaimer-2 This presentation is designed to start a dialogue within the industry on the future of UNIX in mainframe computing. This area is one of the most important arenas for the 21st century. In order for us to be successful, we need understanding and discussion on the topic. I share what I know and discover. I challenge you to do the same.

7 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Background # CMG 2000 wanted a panel on IBMs support of Linux on z/900 platforms and what that meant. # I volunteered to chair the panel. # The experts took over from there! # Over the rest of 2001, I filled in the pieces with my own research.

8 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Abstract # How is Linux different from USS? What performance and capacity metrics are available (or planned?)? What workloads run on S/390 Linux? In terms of eCommerce, which UNIX system is "better" for WebServer- USS or Linux?

9 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Disclaimer The basis of this presentation was a summary of a panel on the topic at CMG/2000 in Orlando Florida, USA, December, 2000, AND my extensions of these findings. If there are errors or omissions, then the problems are mine. If there is good stuff, then it must have been provided by the panelists: Peter Enrico, Mark Cathcart, IBM Ross Patterson, Computer Associates, or Tim Kane,

10 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Agenda # Rebranding of families: z/Business and e/Server # Why UNIX on S/390 and z/900 # Will the real UNIX stand up # Linux? What Linux? # Unix Systems Services # Which UNIX to Pick # Should You Run Linux on VM or VIF? # Application Considerations

11 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson 0001 Re-Branding of CPU families

12 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Linux available for full suite of eServer machines eServer Family # zSeries ^ a.k.a Freeway ^ Supercedes 9672 # iSeries ^ Supercedes AS/400 # pSeries ^ Supercedes RS/6000 and Sequent NUMA-Q # xSeries ^ Supercedes Netfinity

13 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Freeway - The z900 Series # 64-bit zArchitecture with z/OS ^ Built on new copper technology ^ Up to 64GB of memory # above the line # above the bar ^ Aggregate I/O bandwidth up to 24Gb/sec -- thats GIGABYTE! # z/OS Intelligent Resource Director (IRD): Linux enabler?

14 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Freeway - 2 # Up to 640 processors in a Parallel Sysplex ^ 20 x 32 (up to 16 Central Processors, 3 System Assist Processors, and 1 spare CP) ^ 20%-30% faster than G6 ^ not even close to maximizing out Moores Law

15 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Freeway - 3 # Intelligent Resource Director (IRD) ^ Manages LPAR cluster (within a single CEC) ^ Stripped down WLM: assigned workload goals ^ Moves resources TO and FROM workloads not workloads to and from resources ^ IRD requires WLM in each LPAR and z/OS # HiperSockets and Linux Support ^ Virtual TCP/IP network within a CEC ^ Very fast

16 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Freeway - 4 # New IBM Pricing Options - Linux for S/390: XSLM ^ Workload License Charge # Variable-Charge Products # Flat-Charge Products ^ IBM and ISV must build license installation, policy and system installation, reporting, logs, and contract management ^ Requires z/OS in 64-bit mode on z/Series server

17 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Freeway - 5 Linux World in New York, February 1, 2001: VM's and Linux/390's own Jim Elliott walked up to the podium at the VIP reception to accept an award on IBM's behalf. It seems the IBM zSeries model z900 won the "Best Hardware" category - not bad for a dead dinosaur platform, eh?

18 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson 0010 Why UNIX on S/390, z900, z/VM, VIF, and z/OS # z is for zero downtime # Reliability, Availability, Serviceability (RAS) was invented here # WebServer Commercial

19 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Why UNIX on S/390 z # SUN UE10000 (Sun Cap) is about where 3084 was in 1984 for RAS # Major online systems suffer 11 hours downtime due to back-end storage failure.

20 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson z/800: Baby z I-series 1-15 z-series 20-hundreds z/VM virtualization technology

21 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson IBMs strategy for Linux # Application development on a widely available, volume platform. # Use of the volume platform for initial deployment with minimal barriers, and # Minimal barriers for scale from low to high (IBM S/390 Bulletin 28, August 2000, page 16-18)

22 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson 0011 Will the Real Unix Stand Up # UNIX is really hundreds of variants ^ UNIX 95/98, etc is a collection of subsystem calls that must be honored to be UNIX all of them have these ^ SUN (SOLARIS), IBM (AIX), HP (HP/UX) have these and lots more but cost money ^ Linux has all of them, but is free

23 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson 0100 Linux? What Linux? # This is the real Linux -- the one written by Linus Torvalds. Bigfoot # Same as the one you download from Redbrick.com # gnu toolkit was used to write microcode for s/390 # less than 1% of Linux is modified

24 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Linux -2 # Linux meets IBMs objective of selling RAS hardware for UNIX: z/900 # Linux is just like what you can download to your PC -- a real primitive operating system. # Linux on z/900 gives IBM customer true choice.

25 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson S/390 Linux Benefits # Based on z/Architecture which allows unlimited addressing # zSeries servers automatically direct resources to priority work through Intelligent Resource Director (IRD) ^ Workload Manager ^ Logical Partitioning ^ Parallel Sysplex clustering technology

26 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Results: ^ Numerous operating systems images managed as a single dynamic workload ^ dynamic CPU weight (only--Linux does not have a vary CPU offline, no dynamic channel paths, channel control paths ^ HiperSockets (four, VM allows sharing) let TCP/IP traffic travel between partitions at memory speed (Gigabyte) rather than network speed: one gigabit per second per pipe (of 24)

27 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Results: ^ Virtual Internet Protocol Addressing (VIPA) provides transparent failover from device, interface or network failures ^ Channel Subsystem Priority Queuing and Dynamic Channel Path Management are part of normal S/390 or z/900 implementation.

28 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Linux Scalability # Naspa Article: November 2000; Page 24: Adam Thornton on David Boyes ^ Two G5 Class S/390 Processors ^ EMC disk unit ^ 250 to 10,000 users ^ 41,400 servers: did not crash, just ran out of VM resources ^ VM design goals: 100,000 simultaneous virtual machines # Update: almost reached 100,000 servers!

29 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson 0101 USS: Introduction # Integral part of OS/390 since 1994 # Known by Different names: ^ OpenEdition ^ OpenMVS ^ OMVS ^ OS/390 UNIX

30 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson USS: Integral to Operating System # Unix Systems Services (USS) is an integral part of the OS/390 operating system and provides UNIX services to OS/390 applications and users # USS provides access to either UNIX files or regular MVS files or both from the same program.

31 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson USS: Always There # USS will always be a part of z/OS # USS will continue to be used for primary z/OS components that need USS: ^ TCP/IP, Websphere Commerce Suite, Domino, Webserver, Java, etc. ^ Most improvements of USS by IBM will most likely be targeted for these products/components

32 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson View of USS Interface

33 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Whats Running on USS? # TCP/IP # WebSphere # Lotus Domino- Go Server & Lotus Notes # ERP programs- Baan, SAP # PeopleSoft

34 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson 0110 Which Unix to Pick to run application code # Data centers already have USS running when they bring up OS/390 or z/OS 1.1. Everybody has USS. # If data centers want to run Linux, they must plan for, and dedicate resources to Linux.

35 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Pick Linux # If you need ANSI Standard C++ with standard template libraries (STL) # If you want all of the gnu tools and anything else you can get downloaded and fixed up on your own # You want porting speed and cost: You must recompile your application. It is an ASCII environment after all.

36 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Pick Linux - 2 # You want complete ASCII support including multiple byte character set (MBCS). (i.e., If you are in or like Pacific rim companies who will be early adopters bit is ideal for languages such as kanji). # You want horizontal scalability

37 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Pick Linux -3 # Key middleware deployment ^ WebSphere Application Server - Advanced Edition # Java connectors to - DB2, IMS, CICS, MQSeries ^ DB2 UDB, workstation DB2, not Sysplex capable, IBM DB2 connect??? ^ MYSAP.com: application on UNIX; DB2 on z/OS; HiperSockets ^ Tivoli ^ If you want Hardware benefits # Isolation, integrity, unique, scalable, deployment environment ^ If you want No OS/390 baggage: # No Security, integrity, recovery, transactional infrastructure

38 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Pick USS for data access # Co-Locality of data: USS will be used where data needs to be moved from UNIX to z/OS (it is just a move command). # 70% of important data is on mainframe? # Data was and is in EBCDIC. Conversion to/from ASCII is most difficult (big endian, little endian). # If you want 2-phase commit via RRS (open systems are 3-5 years late getting to this level ^ EJBs into CICS or IMS *and* DB2 ?

39 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Pick USS for Data Access - 2 # Speed of Database Access ^ Hiper access, but DB2 multiple access still beats all # If you want Speed of Database access (I/O per second )

40 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Pick USS for Deployment and Runtime Considerations # Quality of service, functional richness, speed of implementation ^ All key considerations # Workload Manager (WLM) needed to control service levels ^ Need thread level workload management ? # Parallel Sysplex and Coupling Facility for extensibility

41 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Pick USS - for Quality of Service # Security level specifications ^ If you like RACF ? ^ (although Linux can be made secure) # High availability features of z/OS

42 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson C2 Security: a wash # DOD Orange Book 8.-std.html # Identification and Authentication (passwords) -- use shadow passwords # access control use ACLs # Object Reuse (dont use every anywhere) # Audit (logging: TCP/IP wrappers: turn on if necessary) # Linux how to documents

43 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson What does Reliability and uptime mean? Reliability and uptime are the principle reasons why many CIOs are keeping their big iron dinosaurs alive no matter how many Unix and Windows NT mammals are scurrying around underfoot. CIO article, November 15; Derek Slater

44 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson IBM and Telia, Scandinavia's largest telecommunications and internet service provider # bin/master?xh=ZUi32YeF*ZE4KP1US enG?N??&request=pressreleases&p arms=P%5f &xhi=pressrel eases%5e&xfr=N # (still works 11/28/2001! Not working 1/22, 2002)

45 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson VM/ESA or IBM S/390 Virtual Image Facility for Linux Linux for S/390 images Single purpose Internet-related servers Server farms Consolidation e-business l TeliaNet l S/390 G6 and Shark to run 1,500 virtual Linux servers for customer web sites l Displaces 70 Sun servers l Telia is able to set up a Linux for zSeries server in less than 5 minutes as opposed to 5 hours with Sun l Converting from G5 to z/900 Ringing Bells at Telia.Net

46 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Winnebago Industries Recreational Vehicle Manufacturer Replaced Microsoft Mail and Novell servers with Bynari Insight Server Users can still use Microsoft Outlook client New function and services OS/390 inter partition communication OS/390 Consolidation

47 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson "The new IBM S/390 system runs LINUX for S/390 giving the capability for hundreds of Linux images for student and academic use. S/390 will run the Open Source Linux Operating System under the IBM VM/ESA Operating System. The provision of Linux for S/390 is one of the most significant developments in the fast-growing use of the Linux operating system." University Press Release Jan 2001 University of Warwick..also in Dublin City University

48 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Vision Start-up online game server company Challenge Provides services for virtual "Dream Soccer" games Scaling to 15,000 concurrent Soccer game by year-end 2001 Solution IBM ^ z partitions of Linux: for games, relays, web servers, and date updates Value Optimise the network by adopting a mainframe- class engine server Something Different - Dreamball

49 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Korean Airlines: Flight Scheduling # /general/0,11011, ,00.html # July 16, 2001

50 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Downsizing is now TO the mainframe: # 1/20 th of the floor space, # 1/25 th of the energy # Best price for a volume-Linux Server # Highest average resource utilization 70% vs 15% (13%) # 100x Mean time between failure (37 years) # 1/4 network equipment costs.

51 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Pick USS - Quality of Service - 2 # High Availability # portability # Websphere and Java

52 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Pick USS - for Application Software # Prepackaged software # Skill availability # Tape and offline storage # Shared DASD # hardware sharing

53 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Pick USS - Operations # Accounting ^ USS has access to SMF (OEM software gives full accounting possibilities ^ Linux gives minimal possibilities via IOSTAT, VMSTAT, and SAR commands and write-your-own and OEM programs.

54 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Pick USS - Device Connectivity # USS has all of OS/390 and z/OS connectivity. Linux must have drivers written for them # DASD: CKD and FBA is fine # TAPE: all fine with USS; Linux is under development # PRINT: JES wins; although Samba print solutions for Windows-style printing under Linux. # CTCA: underdevelopment

55 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Pick USS for Human Resource reasons # A young person can be taught mainframe if it is UNIX

56 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson 0111 Should You Run Linux on VM or VIF? # Linux runs on ^ metal (dedicated machines) ^ LPARs ^ VIF (hidden machines) ^ as a Virtual Machine under VM ^ Even under MVS (SHARE presentation at SHARE 95, session 5511)

57 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson VIF # VIF is subset of VM # VIF machines are all peers ^ no controls over which Linux system has control ^ no system backups ^ no systems monitors # Requires dedicated CPUs--no sharing

58 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson VIF - 2 # very easy to clone machines (no systems programmer required) # Runs in Integrated Control Facility (ICF) # Runs on hidden CPUs and is charged for usage only -- the CPUs are not part of other software billings. # How long will this continue? Gone.

59 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson VM # Requires VM systems programmer resource -- very valuable # Much more flexible # must fix 100 hz timer pop else 5- 6% of G5 or G6 # 96,000 under test load (David Boyes latest plan c

60 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson VM: Sine Nome Associates # Dr. David Boyes # Task: for phone company: build customer server # Old way: 3 machines each customer; 18.7 miles of Ethernet; $65 million; 7 days # Linux on mainframe: 30 minutes; 10%

61 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson 1000 Application Conversion Considerations # Linux may be much faster to port applications (maybe just a compile) -- weeks to days # Linux will be much quicker to get to 64-bit addressibility (immediately) vs 2002 (?) for USS

62 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson WIN/NT Replacement # Run NT applications on Linux # WinStar programs run under Linux and almost emulate Windows environments?

63 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson 1001 Monitoring UNIX on the Mainframe # UNIX on the mainframe will need monitors that understand things not seen by standard monitoring techniques. There are ASIDs and Tasks, but you will need to see processes, threads, HFS, etc.

64 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Monitoring Linux # BMC: Linux for S/390 Management ^ 5 Feb 2002: Patrol agent, Control M (scheduling) ^ Patrol agent and Linux Knowledge module (KM on the Linux for S/390 platform ^ It requires Mainview ^ The problem is that Patrol can only gather information that Linux provides and that is very little. # IOSTAT, VMSTAT, etc: lots of freeware

65 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Monitoring USS # Candle # BMC # Landmark

66 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson 3 Levels of USS Pain # Not running any applications ^ May be unfamiliar with USS and resources it is consuming- In the dark # Future plans to install applications ^ Discomfort becoming real - Dawn # Currently running applications ^ Performance at risk- Wake up!

67 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson 1010 Q&A CMG has a tradition of holding Birds-of-a-feather (BOF) sessions at the end of the day where attendees can discuss current topics in an ad hoc manner. Since I expected some discussion to continue, I scheduled a BOF session. Sure enough, 40 people showed up! Six installations had Linux running (maybe some were duplicates) The following were questions (and answers) as noted. Many of the comments were worked into the notes above.

68 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Q & A # What about Shared DASD under Linux? ^ There we go again. -- probably not in near future. ^ Linux needs to have device drivers written for it. It may never have shared DASD unless it is implemented by Storage Area Network (SAN) architecture.

69 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson How in the dark are you? # Do you have a good understanding of whats going on in your USS/Open Edition environment? # What applications are you running on USS/Open Edition?

70 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson How in the dark are you? # Have you been seeing more and more USS activities showing up on your MVS monitor? # Do you know if USS is using 5, 10 or 50% of your MVS resources? # Can you tell which tasks are using, or maybe abusing, your USS resources?

71 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson How are you with UNIX? # Are you comfortable with USS file structures and Unix commands? # How critical to your business will the applications running on USS be?

72 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Wake up! # How did the installation of the USS application you are running go? # Have you had any jobs get hung up that you needed to kill? # Do you think that your thresholds are set properly at this point?

73 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Bibliography # Books ^ Unix as a Second Language (Bob Johnson - self published) # Articles ^ Linux on S/390 or z/Series: Getting Started Lionel B. Dyck; NASPA September 2001 pp36-41 # SHARE: ^ Linux Security: Session 1745, SHARE 97, July 26, 2001, Minn, MN Mike Kearney, Washington Systems Center,

74 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson References # The Linux/390 list: ^ # The Linux/390 Community website: ^ # IBMs Linux/390 website: Free z ^ ^ get yourself a free Lunux machine! # Jim Elliott: # Whos using Linux? ^ NW-BZ-LF

75 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson White Papers # 1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/lib rary/whitepapers/pdf/gf pdf # Linux for 390 redbook cts/sg html

76 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson Web sites # -- # ml # # -- mailing list # LINUX home page

77 Copyright 2002, Robert H (Bob) Johnson IBM References # SG : Redbook: z/OS Intelligent Resource Director look under ^ redbooks online ^ search button for Intelligent