Copyright © 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics. From: American Trypanosomiasis Red Book® 2015, 2015 Figure Legend: Adult female kissing bug of the species Triatoma rubida, the most abundant triatomine species in southern Arizona (scale bar = 1 cm). Chagas disease is endemic throughout Mexico and Central and South America, with 7.7 million persons infected, 108.6 million persons considered at risk, 33.3 million symptomatic cases, an annual incidence of 42,500 cases (through vectorial transmission), and 21,000 deaths every year. This disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which is transmitted to humans by blood-sucking insects of the family Reduviidae (Triatominae). Although mainly a vector-borne disease, Chagas disease also can be acquired by humans through blood transfusions and organ transplantation, congenitally (from a pregnant woman to her baby), and through oral contamination (eg, foodborne). Date of download: 11/5/2017 Copyright © 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics. All rights reserved.