“Submitting to the will of Allah” Islam “Submitting to the will of Allah”

The Rise of Islam Islam has its roots in the desert towns and trade roots of the Arabian Peninsula Mecca is where it all started Medina is where it will grow

Trade Routes The Arabian Peninsula was a center for trade routes (600 CE) The Location of the Islamic Empire contributed to the spread of knowledge across three continents (Europe, Africa, Asia) The Arabian Peninsula was in the center of two great Empires Byzantine and Sassanid (formerly the Persian Empire) Merchants would have Caravan Routes where they would trade goods received from the Silk Road Along the Caravan Routes small trade towns would be set up One major trading town was Mecca Which will become the center of the Islamic world

ANSWER QUESTION 1 and 2

The Prophet Muhammad Muhammad had little schooling He began working in the caravan trade Muhammad married a woman who owned a trading company (smart man!) He had a great interest in religion At age 40 his life was changed due to the Angel Gabriel Gabriel told him that he was the messenger of Allah (Allah is the Islamic name for God) Muhammad believed he was the last of Prophets Moses, Jesus and Muhammad (are we seeing a similar pattern, here?)

Islam vs Muslim and the Hijrah Islam: translates to submission to the will of Allah (God) Muslim- one who has submitted Muhammad's wife and close friends were the first followers Muhammad began preaching publicly in Mecca, but this did not go well. He was forced to move himself and his followers to Medina from Mecca This move became known as the Hijrah

While in Medina Muhammad showed his leadership skills He merged the Jews and Arabs into his political group They accepted him as a religious leader Many more people converted because they found his message appealing He also become a military leader with a fight between Mecca and Medina In 630 Muhammad lead 10,000 of his followers to Mecca Mecca surrenders and most of the people start to follow Islam

Beliefs and Practices The Five Pillars of Islam – Copy the organizer on the left How do these compare with The Ten Commandments?

Beliefs and Practices (Church vs Mosque)

Beliefs and Practices Muslims believe in the Quran The Holy book of Islam Only Qurans written in Arabic are the true word of Allah Muslims believe that Muhammad’s true mission was to receive the Quran and show Muslims how to live life correctly. This correct way of living is called the Sunna The guidance of the Quran and Sunna are compiled into Shari’a The Shari’a is the system of laws that regulate family life, moral conduct and business

Muhammad’s death causes issues When Muhammad dies in 632, the Muslims do not have a system in place to choose a new leader Muhammad also did not say who he wanted to serve as a leader after him The Muslims followed tribal customs and named Abu-Bakr, a close friend to Muhammad, the Caliph Caliph means successor or deputy Abu-Bakr faces issues Not paying taxes Jihads- inner struggle for evil or the Quran states “an armed struggle against non-believers” However under Abu-Bakr Islam grows and controls the entire Arabian Peninsula

Islam Spreads Muhammad wanted to spread the faith to the peoples of the North They would fight to extend the word of Islam The location of the Islamic Empire contributed to the spread of knowledge across Asia, Europe, and Africa. Islam forbade forced conversation, so people liked them

ISSUES, ISSUES, and MORE ISSUES Do you need a tissue, for all of your issues?! The Muslims had Issues maintaining a unified front The system of electing Caliphs is being challenged More than one group of Muslims is emerging A family called the Umayyad's come to power and move the capital to Damascus They abandoned the simple life that all Muslim leaders had and lived in extravagance This will lead to a split in Islam

The Split – Get down this Graphic Organizer!

Islam Continues to Grow Abbasids come to power in 750 and murder all but one of the Umayyad's This Umayyad flees to Spain and sets up the Umayyad Caliphate or the Berbers and that is why there are still Muslims in Spain today Islamic caliphates increased Islamic trade with Europe which led to a more complex economy. Abbasids move the capital to Baghdad rule from 750- 1258

Growth due to Trade Networks Based on what you have learned, how would you explain the growth and spread of Islam?

City Life Science and Math Islamic culture Arts and Literature Society Based on what you know how would you explain Islamic Culture? In your opinion, which area of Islamic culture had the greatest influence on us today? Why? City Life Science and Math Islamic culture Arts and Literature Society