Chapter 4 Population Ecology

Question 2 What is a group of individuals that interbreed and produce fertile offspring?

Answer Species

Question What do members of a species that live together in the same area at the same time make up?

Answer Population

Question All the fish, snakes, turtles, and frogs living in a pond make up a what?

Answer community

Question What includes all the living things and their physical environments in a particular area?

Answer ecosystem

Question What are parts of an ecosystem that are living or used to be living called?

Answer Biotic Factors

Question What is anything an organism needs included nutrition, shelter, breeding sites, and mates called?

Answer resources

Question A flock of seagulls are sitting on the boardwalk. There is a lot of them! How would you determine the population size?

Answer Sampling Count how many birds are in a small area then use that ratio to determine how many are in the entire, larger area

Question What describes the number of individuals within a population per unit area?

Answer Population density

Question 50 ants are living in 5 m². Determine the population density.

Answer 10 ants per m²

Question What describes how organisms are arranged within an area?

Answer Population distribution

Question What population distribution normally occurs when resources are found throughout an area and organisms do not influence where each other settle?

Answer random

Question What distribution normally occurs when organisms hold territories or compete for space?

Answer Uniform distribution

Question What is the proportion of males to females within a population called?

Answer Sex ratio

Question How will a population that contains a majority of post-reproductive organisms change over time?

Answer Population will decrease

Question What is used to show how the likelihood of death varies with age?

Answer Survivorship curves

Question Which type of survivorship curves describes populations whose mortality is highest at young ages? (like frogs)

Answer Type III

Question The population of Palmerton increases because people move here from Allentown. This is an example of what?

Answer immigration

Question They call people who travel to Florida for the winter “snow bunnies”. What are the actions of these people an example of?

Answer migration

Question What is the departure of individuals from a given area called?

Answer emigration

Question Calculate the annual growth rate: Birthrate: 18 per 1000 Deathrate: 10 per 1000 Immigration: 5 per 1000 Emigration: 7 per 1000

Answer (18 + 5) – (10 + 7) = 6 The population will increase by six individuals per every 1000 every year.

Question What does a negative population growth rate imply?

Answer The population is decreasing

Question When a population increases by a fixed percentage each year, it is said to undergo…

Answer Exponential growth

Question Give an example of a density dependent limiting factor.

Answer Answers will vary

Question Give an example of a density independent limiting factor.

Answer Flood, fire, etc.

Question What is the largest population size a given environment can sustainably support called?

Answer Carrying capacity

Question Which a more realistic type of population growth, exponential or logistic?

Answer logistic

Question What type of survivorship curve do humans follow?

Answer Type I

Question If a population has more pre-productive aged organisms, how will its numbers change over time?

Answer Population will increase

Question An orangutan has 3 or 4 offspring in an entire lifetime. The orangutan has low …

Answer Biotic potential

Question For a monogamous species, what is the ideal sex ratio?

Answer 50:50 Equal females to males

Question Parts of an ecosystem that have never been living are…

Answer abiotic

Question During what period did many societies shift from a rural life focused on agriculture and goods to urban societies powered by fossil fuels?

Answer Industrial revolution

Question What is the average number of years an individual is expected to live called?

Answer Life Expectancy

Question The human population as a whole is __________ while the growth rate has _________ since the 1960s.

Answer Increasing, decreased

Question Advances in ________ have allowed people to temporarily increase our species carrying capacity.

Answer technology

Question The study of human population statistics is called…

Answer Demography

Question Where is the population density of people likely to be higher, in the tundra or near a river?

Answer Near a river

Question What type of population distribution do humans follow, clumped, uniform, or random?

Answer clumped

Question What is the average number of children a female member of a population has during her lifetime?

Answer Total fertility rate

Question What is the total fertility rate for a nation that would keep its population size stable called?

Answer Replacement fertility rate

Question What describes the relative number of organisms of each age within a population?

Answer Age structure diagram

Question The ideal sex ratio for any population is 50:50. What evolutionary adaptation has the human population undergone in an attempt to maintain this ratio?

Answer For every 100 females born, 106 males are born because males have a greater risk of dying before reaching their reproductive age.

Question What is the model that explains the transition from high birth rates and death rates to a condition of low birth rates and death rates?

Answer The demographic transition

Question What stage of the demographic transition has the human population been in for the majority of its existence?

Answer Pre-Industrial stage

Question During what stage do death rates begin to decline but birth rates remain high?

Answer The transitional stage

Question During the Industrial stage, _____ rates remain low and _____ rates begin to decline. (1 point each)

Answer Death, birth

Question True or False: All nations have undergone the demographic transition.

Answer False

Question Wealth, education, and women’s rights are all _______ factors that affect a nation’s population growth and resource use.

Answer Social

Question Developed nations have _____ income.

Answer High

Question China and Mexico are examples of _______ nations.

Answer Developing

Question Which type of nation accounts for the greatest portion of the world’s population, developed or developing?

Answer Developing

Question The statistic that the addition of 1 American has the same environmental impact as the addition of 13 Pakistanis illustrates that developed nations consume more __________ than developing nations.

Answer Resources

Question What is the amount of land needed to provide a person with the resources he/she consumes and to handle his/her wastes called?

Answer Ecological footprint

Question What term refers to the difference in assets and income between individuals in a society or nation?

Answer The wealth gap

Question What term refers to how well and individual lives?

Answer Quality of life

Question Resource exploitation and pollution are 2 _____ impacts technology has had on the environment.

Answer Negative

Question Name a positive impact technology has had on the environment?

Answer Recycling, advances in waste water treatment, cheaper and cleaner renewable energy