Warm Up p65 Which part of the water cycle is MOST responsible for polluting surface water? Municipalities (towns) get drinking water from which two sources? Oceans and ice sheets Rivers and aquifers (ground water) Ice sheets and rivers Aquifers (ground water) and oceans Explain the relationship between turbidity, water temperature and dissolved oxygen. Creek survey due no later than 1/11 B Day, 1/12 A Day Water Test: 1/12 B Day, 1/13 A Day. Date Session Activity Page 1/ 4-5 Water Treatment Notes 65-66 Water Treatment Inquiry 67

8.E.1 Understand the hydrosphere and the impact of humans on local systems and the effects of the hydrosphere on humans. 8.E.1.3 Predict the safety and potability of water supplies in North Carolina based on physical and biological factors, including: Temperature, Dissolved oxygen, pH, Nitrates and phosphates, Turbidity, Bio-indicators 8.E.1.4 Conclude that the good health of humans requires: Monitoring of the hydrosphere, Water quality standards, Methods of water treatment, Maintaining safe water quality, Stewardship

TLW create a water treatment system with given materials, analyze and evaluate his/her system using outcome, notes

Clean Water Act 1972 p 65 In 1972, Congress passed this law to help protect and restore the surface fresh water resources (lakes, streams and riversa0 of this country. The goals of the Clean Water Act were simple--water should be clean enough for fishing, swimming and other recreational uses. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets and enforces water quality standards for wastewater and pollution.

p 65 Wastewater: (dirty water that runs into our drains) must be cleaned before it can be returned to the environment. Two ways we treat wastewater: septic systems (individual homes) water treatment plants (municipalities)

How a Septic System Works… “Friendly” Bacteria used to treat waste water.

Water Treatment

What materials need to be removed from your drinking water? Brainstorm with your table and answer the questions below on p 66 of your notebook. p 66 What materials need to be removed from your drinking water? What qualities do you want in your drinking water (requirements before you drink it)

“ The Sparkling Water Story” Listen and follow along as you see firsthand how we impact the cleanliness of our water everyday!

Wastewater Treatment Lab: Create your own wastewater treatment system!! Examine the materials your group may use. Carbon needs to be “rinsed” before use. Using the whiteboard, sketch/outline the steps and materials you will use to clean your water. On page 67 of your notebook: Sketch you design and outline your process on page 67 of your notebook Test your process…were you successful? What concerns do you still have about the quality/safety of your water? Any resources you wish you had?

Wastewater Treatment

Label these steps in your diagram of your model! Steps to the Wastewater Treatment Cycle Label these steps in your diagram of your model!

Water Treatment Steps page 67 of your notebook http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9z14l51ISwg Aeration Coagulation Sedimentation Filtration Disinfection

1. Aeration Adds air to water Allows gases trapped in the water to escape and adds oxygen

2. Coagulation Dirt and other suspended solid particles are chemically “stuck” together into floc so they can easily be removed from water

Step 2. Coagulation Coagulation is the process at which chemicals are added so that dirt and other particles stick together into “floc” so they can easily be removed

3. Sedimentation gravity is used to pull particles of floc to the bottom of the waste container

Step 3. Sedimentation Sedimentation: the heavy particles settle to the bottom and the clear water moves on

4. Filtration water is passed through sand and carbon filters to remove most of the impurities that remain after coagulation and sedimentation

Step 4. Filtration Filtration: The water passes through filters made of different materials

5. Disinfection disinfectants (eg chlorine) are added to the water to purify it and kill any organisms that may be harmful. UV radiation is also used to kill protozoa.

Step 5. Disinfection Disinfection: A small amount of chemicals are added to kill bacteria

Storage or Return Storage: Water is stored in a closed tank to be used by the community Return: water is aerated to reduce chlorine levels, then returned to local rivers.

Reverse Osmosis Pressure causes the solvent (water) to pass through a membrane to the lower concentrated solution, leaving a higher concentration of solute (pollutants) on one side, and only solvent (water) on the other.

What didn’t get removed? some medications (antibiotics) all toxins Splenda

Virtual Tour of a Drinking Water Treatment Plant http://www.epa.gov/ogwdw/watertreatmentplant/flash/index.html