Everything’s An Argument Classical Argument

Do Now Feb 10 How do you structure an argument? In other words, when you have written an argument essay in the past, how did you outline it?

Cornell Note Time: Classical Argument Exordium Narratio Partitio Confirmatio Refutatio Peroratio Hook & Credibility Facts & Context Claim & Reasons Evidence & Reasoning Counter Arg & Refutation Summary & Call to Action

An Example Read Bittman’s Article “Why Take Food Seriously” on p 779 in Everything’s an Argument. Label 6 sticky-notes with the six parts of the Classical Argument, and place them in the appropriate parts of the text. Hook & Credibility 4. Evidence & Reasoning Claim & Reasons 5. Counter Arg & Refutation Facts & Context 6. Summary & Call to Action

Where it is in Text Exordium in Detail Hook & Credibility Gain’s reader’s interest Establishes qualifications Establishes common ground with reader Demonstrates author’s fairness States the claim.

Where it is in Text Narratio in Detail Facts and Context Presents necessary context (definitions/ background) Provides a personal or historical narrative relating to or outlining case

Partitio and Confirmatio in Detail Where it is in Text Partitio and Confirmatio in Detail Claims & Reasons, Support & Logic States a thesis Provides hard evidence Lays out logical reasoning

Refutatio in Detail Where it is in Text Counter Argument & Refutation Examines other POVs and opposing arguments Notes the advantages/ disadvantages of these views Explains why author’s view is better

Where it is in Text Peroratio in Detail Summary & Call to Action Summarizes argument Elaborates on implications of the claim Makes clear what the audience should do Reinforces credibility or emotional appeal

EXIT SLIP: Please List 1 thing you learned 1 thing you still have questions about 1 comment about the lesson

Do Now: What is the difference between claims and evidence?

A statement made with no proof. Claim: A statement made with no proof. Evidence: the available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is true or valid

Debate! Is Umofia a civilized society or not?

Types of Evidence Empirical Evidence Logical Evidence Anecdotal Evidence Fallacy Evidence that comes from experiments & observation Evidence that comes from reason and facts Evidence that comes from personal experience False or misleading argument based on little evidence

Will you buy my Headphones? Lab results have shown that the headphones distort only at 2000 Hertz, while apple headphones distort at 1500Hz The headphones come in many colors. People like colorful things. So people will like the headphones. Empirical Evidence Logical Evidence

Anecdotal Evidence Fallacy Headphone Evidence (moral equivalence) Beyonce tried the new headphones and like them better than her old ones. She told me she would wear them. People who don’t buy these headphones are evil music haters. Anecdotal Evidence Fallacy (moral equivalence)

More on Fallacies Hasty Generalization Either/Or Red Herring One person bought the headphones, so I know many will! Either you buy the headphones or you will not listen to music The headphones on full blast might hurt your eardrums, but they help me feed my children. Cool people buy headphones like these! Losers don’t. Hasty Generalization Either/Or Red Herring Glittering/Negative Generality

The United States should ban the death penalty Debate The United States should ban the death penalty Today’s goal: use all types of evidence

Debate Establish that an issue is a Fact—it happened Establish a Definition of an issue Establish the Cause of an issue Establish to what Degree an issue hurts Establish what Action we should take. Merge this information with Three types of evidence

Definitions for homework AFF: 5 min opening NEG: 3 min CrossX Time to check your notes to hit all of their claims NEG: 5 min opening AFF: 3 min CrossX AFF: 4 min closing NEG: 4 min closing

Debrief What worked? What didn’t?

Homework Go onto e3healy.weebly.com, APELAC Quarter 3, and use the turnitin.com code to register for the Quarter 3 class.

Do Now: Practice Test!

How do you tear apart the prompt? Argument Essay How do you tear apart the prompt?

Argument outline You will make an arguable point You will prove that point with reasons and evidence (3 kinds) from your brain You will need to address a counterargument

How is it different? You won’t be able to research You may use classical argument, but be sure your claims are clearly supported by three types of evidence.

Do Now: Grab a Brave New World book

Let’s look at Chapter 2: Social Control

Your Assignment Read Chapters 1-12 Identify elements of social control throughout the novel—using the response chart Pick the one that YOU think will inspire the greatest debate—and create a proposal (a “we should” statement) Be prepared to discuss and defend your choice Feb 27