Correctional institutions in canada Prior to the late 1700’s offenders were punished by hanging, banishment or corporal punishment They were only held in a local jail to wait for the punishment, not as a form of punishment itself The penitentiary was introduced as a form of punishment and a place to repent and reform Originally penitentiaries were a place where offenders could silently meditate and reflect on what they had done Copyright 2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. LO1

Two penitentiary models The Pennsylvania system: Keeps inmates separate from each other. Inmates were not permitted to speak or socialize with one another The Auburn system: Permits inmates to work and eat together during the day and return to separate cells at night. Inmates were not permitted to speak or communicate with each other. Most Canadian penitentiaries are based on this system LO1 Copyright 2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

First canadian penitentiary Kingston Penitentiary Built on the shores of Lake Ontario in 1835, and based on the Auburn model It was built to house men, women, and children who were expected to exist in complete silence LO1 Copyright 2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

First canadian penitentiary Kingston Penitentiary Corporal punishment was used regularly Lashings with a ‘cat-o-nine-tails’ – a leather whip In 1972 corporal punishment was abolished Kingston Penitentiary will close in 2014 Correctional services in Canada are evolving and are designed to rehabilitate the offender rather than punish LO1 Copyright 2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.