The Genetics of Bacteria

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Bacteria replication, recombination, and transformation

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Presentation transcript:

The Genetics of Bacteria

Bacterial Genome: `Circular DNA - double stranded aka. its chromosome in nucleoid Plasmid - small circles of “extra” DNA - not necessary for survival, however - important traits fertility factor, antibiotic resistance

REPLICATION

Bacterial chromo. replicates -two copies move apart -cell grows -plasma membrane pinches -new cell wall deposited

Origin of Replication

Replication in both directions

Replication Forks move bidirectionly until they meet

Genetically identical daughter cells (clones)

mutations produce genetic variation rapidly b/c generational time is sooooooo fast

no growth - cannot synthesis required amino acid Genetic Recombination: Mutants - no growth - cannot synthesis required amino acid

Genetic Recombination: Combine growth

Genetic Recombination: `Transformation - uptake of “naked” DNA from the environment Transduction - Conjugation -

Genetic Recombination: `Transformation - uptake of “naked” DNA from the environment into its chromosome.

Genetic Recombination: `Transformation

Genetic Recombination: `Transduction - A phage (virus) transfers bacterial genes from one host cell to another.

Genetic Recombination: `Transduction - A phage (virus) transfers bacterial genes from one host cell to another.

Genetic Recombination: `Transduction - A phage (virus) transfers bacterial genes from one host cell to another.

Genetic Recombination: `Transduction - A phage (virus) transfers bacterial genes from one host cell to another.

Genetic Recombination: `Conjugation - bacterial cells join and transfer genetic material through a sex pilli. F factor = fertility factor

F+ HFR

Genetic Recombination: `Conjugation - bacterial cells join and transfer genetic material through a sex pilli. R plasmid = resistance plasmid

transposons “moveable genetic elements”

transposons portions change locations within the chromosome, or they may copy into a new location.

transposons GENETIC RESHUFFLING

transposons 1983 Nobel prize winner

Transposons - Example

Bacterial Genetic Recombinations 1. Transformation 2. Transduction 3. Conjugation 4. Plasmids 5. Transposons Be able to discuss a few of these methods.